vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2021-344-1-30-38vetpress-1443Research ArticleКОРМОПРОИЗВОДСТВО, КОРМЛЕНИЕ С/Х ЖИВОТНЫХFORAGE PRODUCTION, FEEDING OF AGRICULTURAL ANIMALSПротеазы в питании моногастричных животныхProteases in the diet of monogastric animalsКрюковВ. С.KryukovV. S.

Валерий Сергеевич Крюков, доктор биологических наук, профессор

Москва

Valery S. Kryukov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor

Moscow

kryukov.v.s@mail.ruЗиновьевС. В.ZinovievS. V.

Сергей Владимирович Зиновьев, кандидат с.-х. наук

п. Ржавки Московской обл.

Sergey V. Zinoviev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

Rzhavki village, Moscow oblast

neollit_13@mail.ruНекрасовР. В.NekrasovR. V.

Роман Владимирович Некрасов, доктор с.-х. наук, профессор

Подольск-Дубровицы Московской обл.

Roman V. Nekrasov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Sci., professor

Podolsk-Dubrovitsy, Moscow region

nek_roman@mail.ruООО «Кормогран»РоссияLLC "Kormogran"Russian FederationВНИИПП — филиал ФНЦ ВНИТИПРоссияInstitute of Poultry Processing Industry branch of Federal Science Centre Poultry InstituteRussian FederationФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияFederal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. ErnstRussian Federation20211203202134413038Copyright © Крюков В.С., Зиновьев С.В., Некрасов Р.В., 20212021Крюков В.С., Зиновьев С.В., Некрасов Р.В.Kryukov V.S., Zinoviev S.V., Nekrasov R.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1443

В организме существует множество протеаз, которые регулируются примерно 2% генома человека. Из них на долю, участвующую в пищеварении, приходится лишь малая часть. Несмотря на это механизмы действия пищеварительных протеаз изучены слабее, чем карбогидраз и липаз. Включение экзогенных протеаз в корма для молодняка животных часто сопровождается улучшением использования белка и других питательных веществ. Экзогенные протеазы разрушают ингибиторы эндогенных протеаз и лектины, содержащиеся в кормах. Интерес представляют щелочные протеазы в связи с их более широкой субстратной специфичностью и сохранением активности на протяжении всего желудочно-кишечного тракта. В эту группу входят кератиназы, которые переваривают белки, недоступные для расщепления протеазами и пептидазами животных. Кератиназы переваривают агглютинины, глицинин и b-конглицинин и соединительнотканные белки, которые устойчивы к действию ферментов ЖКТ и ряда экзогенных протеаз. Описаны предполагаемые причины нестабильных результатов при использовании кормовых протеаз. Указаны их опосредованные эффекты положительного действия, не связанные с протеолизом. В качестве кормовых протеаз целесообразно использовать протеазы, обладающие кератинолитической активностью.

There are many proteases, and about 2% of the human genome is involved in the regulation of their formation. The share of proteases involved in digestion accounts for only a small part. Despite this, the mechanisms of action of digestive proteases are less studied than carbohydrases and lipases. The incorporation of exogenous proteases into young animal feeds is often accompanied by improved utilization of protein and other nutrients. Exogenous proteases degrade inhibitors of the endogenous protease and lectins in feed. Alkaline proteases are of interest due to their broader substrate specificity and activity throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. This group includes keratinases, which digest proteins inaccessible for cleavage by proteases and peptidases of animals. Keratinases digest agglutinins, glycinin and b-conglycinin and connective tissue proteins, which are resistant to the action of gastrointestinal enzymes and a number of exogenous proteases. The alleged reasons for the inconsistent results when using feed proteases are described. Their mediated positive effects not associated with proteolysis are indicated. It is advisable to use proteases with keratinolytic activity as fodder proteases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.