<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2021-347-4-60-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-1579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние кормовой добавки Бутитан (Фарматан ВСО) на гистофизиологическое состояние кишечной трубки и продуктивные качества цыплят-бройлеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Тhe effect of the feed additive Butitan (Farmatan BCO) on the histophysiological state of the intestinal tube and the productive qualities of broiler chickens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серякова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seryakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> аспирант кафедры морфологии и ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы</p><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, д. 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Postgraduate at the department of morphology and veterinary and sanitary expertise</p><p>127550, Moscow, Timiryazevskaya str., 44</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> д. б. н., профессор, профессор кафедры морфологии и ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы</p><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, д. 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Doc. Sci. (Biological), Professor at the department of morphology and veterinary and sanitary expertise</p><p>127550, Moscow, Timiryazevskaya str., 44</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">panovval@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Просекова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prosekova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> к.б.н., доцент, доцент кафедры морфологии и ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы</p><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, д. 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Cand. Sci. (Biological), Docent, Associate Professor </p><p>127550, Moscow, Timiryazevskaya str., 44</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарчев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarchev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> к.с.-х.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела селекции и генетики </p><p>141311, Московская обл., г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Птицеградская, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior research</p><p>141311, Moscow Region, Sergiev Posad, Ptitsegradskaya str., 10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kas1380@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронин</surname><given-names>К. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronin</surname><given-names>K. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> специалист по птицеводству </p><p>125424, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 73</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> poultry specialist</p><p>125424, Moscow, Volokolamsk highway, 73</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.voronin@sivetra-agro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветкова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> зам. генерального директора </p><p>125424, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 73</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Deputy general director </p><p>125424, Moscow, Volokolamsk highway, 73</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВО РГАУ – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева, кафедра  морфологии и ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBEI HE RSAU-MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev department of morphology and veterinary and sanitary expertise</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФНС «ВНИТИП» РАН, отдел селекции и генетики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FRC «ARSRIPPI» RAS department of breeding and genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «СИВЕТРА-АГРО» официальный представитель завода «Tanin Sevnica d.d.» в РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC «SIVETRA-AGRO» official representative of the plant «Tanin sevnica» in the RF</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4S</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Серякова А.А., Панов В.П., Просекова Е.А., Комарчев А.С., Воронин К.О., Цветкова В.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Серякова А.А., Панов В.П., Просекова Е.А., Комарчев А.С., Воронин К.О., Цветкова В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Seryakova A.A., Panov V.P., Prosekova E.A., Komarchev A.S., Voronin K.O., Tsvetkova V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1579">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1579</self-uri><abstract><p> Изучено влияние препарата Бутитан (Фарматан ВСО) на продуктивные качества и структуру стенки кишечника бройлеров. Суточные бройлеры разделены на группы численностью 60 голов. Контрольная группа получала основной рацион. Опытные группы получали с основным рационом добавки Бутитана: 1-я опытная группа — 250 г/т, 2-я опытная — 500 г/т и 3-я — 750 г/т. Продолжительность эксперимента: 42 дня. Учитывали живую массу и затраты корма. По достижении 42 дней проводился убой птицы, анатомическая разделка, отбор образцов для  гистологических исследований. Проведен химический  анализ грудных и ножных мышц. По живой массе птица опытных групп превосходила контрольных на 7,9% (P ≤ 0,05), 8,2 (P ≤ 0,01) и 8,1% (P ≤ 0,01). При этом затраты корма на 1 кг прироста ниже на 2,4%; 3,8% и 1,4% в первой, второй и третьей опытных группах. В опытных группах возрастает масса потрошеной тушки на 6,7–15,0%. Наблюдается тенденция к увеличению содержания жира в грудных мышцах птиц опытных групп. Гистологическими методами  установлено, что в двенадцатиперстной кишке бройлеров  снижалась высота слоя ворсинок и толщина стенки кишки  при лучшей сохранности эпителия, и большей выраженности лимфоидной ткани. В тощей и  проксимальном участке слепой кишок высота слоя ворсинок выше в среднем на 11,1 и 19,3%. Однако, в тощей  кишке наблюдалась лучшая сохранность эпителиальной  выстилки. Ворсинки участвуют во всасывании питательных веществ и способствуют эффективному использованию  рациона. Поэтому все опытные группы имели большую живую массу при меньших затратах корма по сравнению с  контролем.  </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p> The effect of the feed additive Butitan (Farmatan BCO) on the productive qualities and structure of the intestinal wall of broilers was studied. Daily broilers are divided into groups of 60 heads. The control group received the main diet. The experimental groups received Butitan supplements with the main diet: 1st experimental group — 250 g/t, 2nd experimental — 500 g/t and the third — 750 g/t. The duration of the experiment was 42 days. The live weight and feed 3rd were taken into account. Upon reaching 42 days poultry was slaughtered, anatomical cutting and samples were taken for  histological studies. A chemical analysis of the pectoral and leg muscles was performed. In terms of live weight, the poultry of the experimental groups exceeded the control groups by 7,9% (P ≤ 0.05), 8,2 (P ≤ 0.01) and 8,1% (P ≤ 0.01). At the same time, feed costs per 1 kg of growth are lower by 2,4%; 3,8% and 1,4% respectively in the first, second and third experimental groups. In the experimental groups the weight of the gutted carcass increases by 6,7–15,0%. There is a tendency to increase the fat content in the pectoral muscles of birds of the experimental groups. Histological methods revealed that in the duodenum of broilers, the height of the villi layer and the thickness of the intestinal wall decreased with better preservation of the epithelium and greater severity of the lymphoid tissue. In the jejunum and proximal part of the caecum, the height of the villi layer is higher on average by 11,1 and 19,3%. However, better preservation of the epithelial lining was observed in the jejunum. The villi are involved in the absorption of nutrients and contribute to the effective use of the diet. Therefore, all the experimental groups had a large live weight with lower feed costs compared to the control. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечник</kwd><kwd>эллаготанины</kwd><kwd>птицеводство</kwd><kwd>кормление</kwd><kwd>бройлеры</kwd><kwd>слизистая оболочка</kwd><kwd>ворсинки</kwd><kwd>пищеварение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestine</kwd><kwd>ellagotannins</kwd><kwd>poultry farming</kwd><kwd>feeding</kwd><kwd>broilers</kwd><kwd>mucous membrane</kwd><kwd>villi</kwd><kwd>digestion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юнаева Н.В., Саландиев К.В., Слюсарь А.В. Масло орегано заменяет антибиотики в птицеводстве. Птицеводство. 2016;8:43-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yunaeva N. V., Salandiev K. V., Slyusar A.V. Oregano Oil: An alternative to antibiotics for poultry. Pticevodstvo. 2016;8:43-47. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багно О.А., Прохоров О.Н., Шевченко С.А.,2, А.И. Шевченко А.И, Дядичкина Т.В. Фитобиотики в кормлении сельскохозяйственных животных. Сельскохозяйственная биология. 2018;53(4):687-697.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagno O. A., Prokhorov O. N., Shevchenko S. A., 2, A. I. Shevchenko A. I., Dyadichkina T. V. Use of phytobioticts in farm animal feeding. Selskohozyajstvennaya biologiya. 2018;53(4):687-697. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федотов В.А., Никитченко В.Е., Никитченко Д.В., Егоров И.А., Егорова Т.В. Пробиотики в кормлении птицы. Птицеводство, 2018;8:33-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedotov V. A., Nikitchenko V. E., Nikitchenko D. V., Egorov I. A., Egorova T. V. Probiotics in poultry feeding. Pticevodstvo. 2018;8:33-37. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багиров В.А., Дускаев Г.К., Казачкова Н.М., Рахматуллин Ш.Г., Яушева Е.В., Косян Д.Б., Макаев Ш.А., Дусаева Х.Б. Включение экстракта Quercus cortex в рацион бройлеров изменяет их убойные показатели и биохимический состав мышечной ткани. Сельскохозяйственная биологии. 2018;53(4):799-810.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagirov V. A., Duskaev G. K., Kazachkova N. M., Rakhmatullin Sh. G., Yausheva E. V., Kosyan D. B., Makaev Sh. A., Dusaeva Kh. B. Addition of Quercus cortex extract to broiler diet changes slaughter indicators and biochemical composition of muscletissue. Selskohozyajstvennaya biologiya. 2018;53(4):799-810. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатович Л.С. Влияние применения компонентных кормовых добавок, изготовленных с применением травяной муки из тысячелистника обыкновенного, на продуктивность кур-несушек, качество производимой продукции (яиц) и конверсию корма. Дальневосточный аграрный вестник. 2017;2:75-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignatovich L.S. Influence of use of component feed additives, manufactured with the use of grass meal of yarrow, on laying hens productivity, quality of the products (eggs) and feed conversion. Dalnevostochnyj agrarnyj vestnik. 2017;2:75-81. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бушов А.В., Курманаева В.В. Биопрепараты в рационах цыплят-бройлеров кросса Смена 7. Птицеводство. 2012;1:31-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bushov A.V., Kurmanaeva V. V. Bio-preparations in diets for Smena-7 broilers. Pticevodstvo. 2012;1:31-33. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duskaev GK, Kazachkova NM, Ushakov AS, Nurzhanov BS, Rysaev AF. The effect of purified Quercus cortex extract on biochemical parameters of organism and productivity of healthy broiler chickens. Veterinary World. 2018;11:235-239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duskaev GK, Kazachkova NM, Ushakov AS, Nurzhanov BS, Rysaev AF. The effect of purified Quercus cortex extract on biochemical parameters of organism and productivity of healthy broiler chickens. Veterinary World. 2018;11:235-239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Longstaf M, McNab JM. The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides and tannins of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks. British Journal of Nutrition. 1991;65:199-216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Longstaf M, McNab JM. The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides and tannins of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks. British Journal of Nutrition. 1991;65:199-216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juliano C, Mattana A, Usai M. Composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Thymus herba- barona Loisel growing wild in Sardinia. Essent. Oil Res. 2000;12:516-522.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juliano C, Mattana A, Usai M. Composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Thymus herba- barona Loisel growing wild in Sardinia. Essent. Oil Res. 2000;12:516-522.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marino M, Bersani C, Comi G. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. measured using a bioimpedometric method. Food Protect. 1999; 62:1017-1023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marino M, Bersani C, Comi G. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. measured using a bioimpedometric method. Food Protect. 1999; 62:1017-1023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Si W, Gong J, Tsao R, Zhou T, Yu H, Poppe C, Johnson R, Du Z. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and structurally related synthetic food additives towards selected pathogenic and beneficial gut bacteria. Applied Microbiology. 2006;100:296-305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Si W, Gong J, Tsao R, Zhou T, Yu H, Poppe C, Johnson R, Du Z. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and structurally related synthetic food additives towards selected pathogenic and beneficial gut bacteria. Applied Microbiology. 2006;100:296-305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antimicrobial activity of plant volatile oils. Applied Microbiology. 2000;88:308–316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antimicrobial activity of plant volatile oils. Applied Microbiology. 2000;88:308–316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baratta MT, Dorman HJ, Deans SG, Biondi DM, Ruberto G. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essentials oils. Essen. Oil Res. 1998;10:618–627.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baratta MT, Dorman HJ, Deans SG, Biondi DM, Ruberto G. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essentials oils. Essen. Oil Res. 1998;10:618–627.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagerman АЕ, Butler LG. Determination of protein in tannin-protein precipitate. Agric Food Chem. 1980;28(5):944-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagerman АЕ, Butler LG. Determination of protein in tannin-protein precipitate. Agric Food Chem. 1980;28(5):944-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаева А.М., Атландерова К.Н. Переваримость питательных веществ корма при использовании биостимулятора экстракта коры дуба (Quercus cortex) в условиях in vitro. Животноводство и кормопроизводство. 2018;101(1):147-153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makaeva A.M., Atlanderova K.N. Digestibility of feed nutrients after using bio-stimulant extract of oak cortex (Quercus cortex) in vitro. Zhivotnovodstvo i kormoproizvodstvo. 2018;101(1):147-153. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffiths DW, Moseley G. Effect of diet containing field beans of high and low polyphenolic content on the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestine of rats. Sci. Food Agric. 1980;31:255-259.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Griffiths DW, Moseley G. Effect of diet containing field beans of high and low polyphenolic content on the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestine of rats. Sci. Food Agric. 1980;31:255-259.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horigome T, Kumar R, Okamoto K. Effect of condensed tannins prepared from leaves of fodder plants on digestive enzymes in vitro and in the intestine of rats. British Journal of Nutrition. 1988;60:275-285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horigome T, Kumar R, Okamoto K. Effect of condensed tannins prepared from leaves of fodder plants on digestive enzymes in vitro and in the intestine of rats. British Journal of Nutrition. 1988;60:275-285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed AE, Smtthard R, Ellis M. Activities of enzymes of the pancreas, and the lumen and mucosa of the small intestine in growing broiler cockerels fed on tannin-containing diets. British Journal of Nutrition. 1991;65:189-197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed AE, Smtthard R, Ellis M. Activities of enzymes of the pancreas, and the lumen and mucosa of the small intestine in growing broiler cockerels fed on tannin-containing diets. British Journal of Nutrition. 1991;65:189-197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mangan JL. Nutritional effects of tannins in animal feeds. Nutr. Res. Rev. 1981;1:209-231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mangan JL. Nutritional effects of tannins in animal feeds. Nutr. Res. Rev. 1981;1:209-231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortiz LT, Alzueta C, Trevino J, Castano M. Effects of faba bean tannins on the growth and histological structure of the intestinal tract and liver of chicks and rats. Brit. Poult. Sci. 1994;35:743-754.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortiz LT, Alzueta C, Trevino J, Castano M. Effects of faba bean tannins on the growth and histological structure of the intestinal tract and liver of chicks and rats. Brit. Poult. Sci. 1994;35:743-754.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oso AO, Suganthi RU, Manjunatha Reddy GB, Malik PK, Thirumalaisamy G, Awachat VB, Selvaraju S, Arangasamy A, Bhatta R. Effect of dietary supplementation with phytogenic blend on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2019;98:4755–4766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oso AO, Suganthi RU, Manjunatha Reddy GB, Malik PK, Thirumalaisamy G, Awachat VB, Selvaraju S, Arangasamy A, Bhatta R. Effect of dietary supplementation with phytogenic blend on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2019;98:4755–4766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jamroz D, Wertelecki T, Houszka M, Kamel C. Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2006;90: P.255–268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jamroz D, Wertelecki T, Houszka M, Kamel C. Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2006;90: P.255–268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dibner JJ, Kitchell ML, Atwell CA, Ivey FJ. The effects of dietary ingredients and age on the microscopic structure of the gastrointestinal tract in poultry. Appl. Poult. Res. 1996;5:70–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dibner JJ, Kitchell ML, Atwell CA, Ivey FJ. The effects of dietary ingredients and age on the microscopic structure of the gastrointestinal tract in poultry. Appl. Poult. Res. 1996;5:70–77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буяров В.С., Червонова И.В., Меднова В.В, Ильичева И.Н. Эффективность применения фитобиотиков в птицеводстве (обзор). Вестник аграрной науки. 2020;3(84):44-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buyarov V.S., Chervonova I.V., Mednova V.V, Il’icheva I.N. Efficiency of application of phytobiotics in poultry farming (review). Vestnik agrarnoj nauki. 2020;3(84):44-59. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Просекова ЕА. Рост и морфофункциональное состояние органов и тканей бройлеров, выращенных с использованием пробиотиков. М. : РГАУ-МСХА. 2011. 200 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prosekova EA. Growth and morphofunctional state of organs and tissues of broilers grown with probiotics. М. : RGAU-MSHA. 2011. 200 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
