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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2021-347-4-89-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-1586</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗВЕДЕНИЕ, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BREEDING, GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Искусственное осеменение кроликов: современное состояние и практические возможности метода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Artificial insemination of rabbits: current state and practical possibilities of the method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дюльгер</surname><given-names>Г. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyulger</surname><given-names>G. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 49, Timityazevskaya str., Moscow, 127550, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dulger@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юлдашбаева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuldashbayeva</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 49, Timityazevskaya str., Moscow, 127550, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aena.iuldashbaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акчурин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akchurin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 49, Timityazevskaya str., Moscow, 127550, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg0904@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седлецкая</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedletskaya</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 49, Timityazevskaya str., Moscow, 127550, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sedletskaya@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акчурина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akchurina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 49, Timityazevskaya str., Moscow, 127550, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg0904@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 49, Timityazevskaya str., Moscow, 127550, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlad91bd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латынина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Latynina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 49, Timityazevskaya str., Moscow, 127550, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgenialatynina@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный аграрный  университет – Московская сельскохозяйственная академия имени К.А. Тимирязева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4S</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дюльгер Г.П., Юлдашбаева А.Ю., Акчурин С.В., Седлецкая Е.С., Акчурина И.В., Бычков В.С., Латынина Е.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дюльгер Г.П., Юлдашбаева А.Ю., Акчурин С.В., Седлецкая Е.С., Акчурина И.В., Бычков В.С., Латынина Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dyulger G.P., Yuldashbayeva A.Y., Akchurin S.V., Sedletskaya E.S., Akchurina I.V., Bychkov V.S., Latynina E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1586">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1586</self-uri><abstract><sec><title> Актуальность</title><p> Актуальность. Кролики обладают большим репродуктивным и продуктивным потенциалом. При промышленной (конвейерной) системе производства крольчатины маточное поголовье кролефермы делят на производственные группы и осеменяют искусственно в строго фиксированный день недели на 4-е или (чаще) 11-е  сутки лактации. К осеменению допускают только  клинически здоровых и упитанных самок. Показано, что при  интенсивном ритме воспроизводства стада от одной  крольчихи ежегодно можно получать от 40…55 до 60…65 отъемных крольчат и производить до 120 кг крольчатины. </p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Рассмотрены и проанализированы  технологические процессы и практические возможности метода искусственного осеменения кроликов. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Работу по искусственному осеменению кроликов проводят в следующем порядке: 1) получение спермы; 2) оценка качества эякулята; 3) разбавление и хранение спермы вне организма; 4) стимуляция половой активности и диагностика рецептивности самок к  осеменению; 5) введение спермы в половые пути самки с  медикаментозной индукцией овуляции. Сперму от кролей- производителей получают на рецептивную самку с помощью искусственной вагины: 1 раз в неделю методом  дуплетной садки с перерывом 15 мин. Процесс взятия спермы на искусственную вагину занимает в среднем 26,2  сек. После макро- и микроскопической оценки эякулят  разбавляют 1:5…1:10 искусственной средой на основе Трис- или HEPES-буфера. Для разбавления и кратковременного  хранения спермы непосредственно в условия производства  (до 24…48 час.) применяют также готовые к использованию коммерческие экстендоры (Lepus®, Cortalap®, Merk III®, Formula® и др.). Отбор крольчих для осеменения проводится по признакам течки и половой охоты. За 48 час. до плановой инсеминации всем подсосным крольчихам производственной группы рекомендуется вводить гонадотропный препарат фоллигон (п/к или в/м в дозе 20 МЕ). Экзогенная гонадотропная стимуляция индуцирует  циклический рост фолликулов, синхронизирует проявление  половой активности у крольчих производственной группы, повышает результативность осеменения и выход отъемных крольчат. Техника искусственного осеменения крольчих достаточно проста. При помощи шприца-полуавтомата со съемным одноразовыми пластиковым катетером сперму  вводят в краниальную часть влагалища в объеме 0,5 мл. При  эффективной организации труда техник-осеменатор с помощником за 1 час могут осеменить до 150 кролематок (с одновременной гормональной индукцией овуляции).  Хорошие результаты, практически как при естественном  осеменении, получают при использовании для инсеминации свежеполученной разбавленной или  разбавленной охлажденной спермы со сроком хранения до 6…12 час. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title> Relevance</title><p> Relevance. Rabbits have great reproductive and productive potential. In the industrial (conveyor) system of rabbit production, the brood stock of the rabbit farm is divided into production groups and artificially inseminated on a strictly fixed day of the week on the 4th or (more often) 11th day of lactation. Only clinically healthy and well-fed females are allowed to insemination. It is shown that with an intensive rate of reproduction of the  herd from one rabbit, it is possible to receive from 40...55 to 60...65 weaned rabbits and produce up to 120 kg of rabbit meat annually.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The technological processes and practical possibilities of the method of artificial insemination of rabbits are considered and analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Work on artificial insemination of rabbits is carried out in the  following order: collecting semen from the bucks, assessing the quality of ejaculate, diluting and short-term storing sperm in vitro, stimulating sexual activity and diagnosing the sexual receptivity of suckling female rabbits, intravaginal insemination of does with hormonal induction of ovulation. Sperm from male rabbits is obtained on a receptive female with the help of an artificial vagina: two ejaculates collected once a week with an interval of at least 15 min. The process of collecting semen on an artificial vagina takes average 26.2 seconds. After macro-and microscopic evaluation, the ejaculate is diluted 1:5...1:10 with a medium based on Tris-or Hepes-buffer. For dilution and short-term storage of sperm directly in the farm environment (up to 24...48 hours), ready-to-use commercial extenders are also used (for example, Lepus®, Cortalap®, Merk III®, Formula® etc.). The selection of rabbits for insemination is carried out according to the signs of estrus and sexual reaction of the female to the male. 48 hours before the planned insemination, all suckling rabbits of the production group are injected with  the gonadotropic drug folligon (at a dose of 20 IU). Exogenous gonadotropic stimulation induces cyclic growth of follicles, synchronizes the manifestation of sexual activity in rabbits of the production group, improves reproductive efficiency of rabbit does in term of fecundity (fertility and prolificacy). The technique of artificial insemination of rabbits is quite simple. Using a semi-automatic syringe with a removable disposable sterile catheter, sperm is inserted deeply into the rabbit vagina in a volume of 0.5 ml. With an effective organization of work, an insemination technician and an assistant can inseminate up to 150 female rabbits in 1 hour (with simultaneous hormonal induction of ovulation).Good results, almost as with natural insemination, are obtained when using freshly obtained diluted or diluted chilled sperm for insemination with a shelf life of up to 6 ... 12 hours. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кролики</kwd><kwd>самцы</kwd><kwd>самки</kwd><kwd>сперма</kwd><kwd>репродуктивный и продуктивный потенциал</kwd><kwd>искусственное осеменение</kwd><kwd>экстенсивные и интенсивные технологии производства крольчатины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rabbits</kwd><kwd>rabbit’s male and female</kwd><kwd>sperm</kwd><kwd>reproductive and productive potential</kwd><kwd>artificial insemination</kwd><kwd>extensive and intensive technologies of rabbit meat production</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soliman F., El-Sabrout K. 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