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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2021-352-9-25-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-1762</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАТОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PATHOLOGY OF ANIMALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная оценка способов исследований степени усвоения корма животными</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative evaluation of methods for studying the degree of assimilation of feed by animals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белякова</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakova</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белякова Юлия Германовна, аспирант</p><p>125080, г. Москва, Волоколамское ш., 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Belyakova Yulia Germanovna, graduate student</p><p>11, Volokolamskoe highway, Moscow, 125080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lumenkrants@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уша</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usha</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уша Борис Вениаминович, академик РАН, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, директор</p><p>125080, г. Москва, Волоколамское ш., 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Usha Boris Veniaminovich, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Director</p><p>11, Volokolamskoe highway, Moscow, 125080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lumenkrants@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет пищевых производств», кафедра «Ветеринарная медицина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow State University of Food Production</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белякова Ю.Г., Уша Б.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белякова Ю.Г., Уша Б.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belyakova Y.G., Usha B.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1762">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1762</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Деятельность пищеварительных органов в значительной степени обусловлена режимом кормления, в частности кратностью, своевременностью, порядком скармливания кормов. На перевариваемость питательных веществ оказывает влияние подготовка кормов к скармливанию, облегчающая механическую переработку в пищеварительном тракте и действие пищеварительных ферментов. На фоне снижения естественной резистентности организма животных важным аспектом является применение минеральных добавок и обогащение рационов биологически активными веществами, увеличивающими питательную ценность и степень усвоения корма животными. Целью работы являлась сравнительная оценка способов исследований степени усвоения корма животными.Методы. Для определения степени усвоения корма на предметное стекло наносили 2 капли изотонического (0,9%) раствора хлорида натрия и небольшое количество содержимого кишечника, готовили тонкий мазок, высушивали на воздухе в течение 30 мин, крупные частицы удаляли. Препараты фиксировали в течение 15 мин 96% этиловым спиртом, затем наносили 3–5 капель 1,0%-ного водного раствора метиленового синего, Люголя, судана III. Наряду с указанными общепринятыми способами нами апробирован способ подготовки препаратов с применением фиксации парами 25,0%-ного раствора глутарового альдегида в течение 30–40 мин, парами 1,0%-ного водного раствора тетраоксида осмия.Результаты. Кинетика формирования микробиоценозов кишечника характеризуется снижением количества лактобактерий и повышением числа патогенных и условно-патогенных бактерий. При сравнительной оценке способов подготовки препаратов преимущество микроскопических методов исследования — в возможности детального изучения содержимого, степени усвоения компонентов корма в желудочно-кишечном тракте, визуальной оценке состояния микрофлоры кишечника. Преимущество способа подготовки препаратов с применением фиксации парами 25,0%-ного раствора глутарового альдегида и тетраоксида осмия заключается в возможности визуализации формирования моновидовых и поливидовых биопленок при оптической и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Препараты были достаточно контрастными, артефакты отсутствовали, бактерии и грибы окрашивались в коричневый цвет, что позволяло с помощью лупы или оптического микроскопа подсчитать даже точечные колонии. Легкоусвояемость корма приводит к низкому выходу фекалий и их устойчивой консистенции. Применение функционального корма «Pristine Gold Vet» в питании собак и пушных зверей позволило увеличить усвояемость питательных веществ на 18,1% и 15,3%.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. The activity of the digestive organs is largely determined by the feeding regime, in particular, the frequency, timeliness, and the order of feeding the feed. The digestibility of nutrients is influenced by the preparation of feed for feeding, which facilitates mechanical processing in the digestive tract and the action of digestive enzymes. Against the background of a decrease in the natural resistance of the animal body, an important aspect is the use of mineral supplements and the enrichment of diets with biologically active substances that increase the nutritional value and the degree of assimilation of feed by animals. The aim of the work was a comparative assessment of methods for studying the degree of assimilation of feed by animals.Methods. To determine the degree of food assimilation, 2 drops of isotonic (0.9%) sodium chloride solution and a small amount of intestinal contents were applied to a glass slide, a thin smear was prepared, dried in air for 30 min, and large particles were removed. The preparations were fixed for 15 min with 96% ethyl alcohol, then 3–5 drops of a 1.0% aqueous solution of methylene blue, Lugol, Sudan III were applied. Along with the indicated conventional methods, we tested a method for preparing preparations using fixation in vapors of a 25.0% solution of glutaraldehyde for 30–40 minutes, in vapors of a 1.0% aqueous solution of osmium tetroxide.Results. The kinetics of the formation of intestinal microbiocenoses is characterized by a decrease in the number of lactobacilli and an increase in the number of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. In a comparative assessment of the preparation methods, the advantage of microscopic research methods is the possibility of a detailed study of the contents, the degree of assimilation of feed components in the gastrointestinal tract, and a visual assessment of the state of the intestinal microflora. The advantage of the method for preparing preparations with the use of vapor fixation of a 25.0% solution of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide is the possibility of visualizing the formation of monospecific and polyspecies biofilms by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The preparations were sufficiently contrasting, there were no artifacts, bacteria and fungi stained brown, which made it possible to count even pinpoint colonies using a magnifying glass or an optical microscope. The easily digestible feed results in a low fecal yield and a stable consistency. The use of functional food “Pristine Gold Vet” in the nutrition of dogs and fur-bearing animals made it possible to increase the absorption of nutrients by 18,1% and 15,3%.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>соболя</kwd><kwd>норки</kwd><kwd>собаки</kwd><kwd>микробиоценозы</kwd><kwd>степень усвоения корма</kwd><kwd>микроскопическое исследование</kwd><kwd>глутаровый альдегид</kwd><kwd>тетраоксид осмия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sable</kwd><kwd>mink</kwd><kwd>dogs</kwd><kwd>microbiocenoses</kwd><kwd>degree of feed assimilation</kwd><kwd>microscopic examination</kwd><kwd>glutaraldehyde</kwd><kwd>osmium tetroxide</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хоха А.М., Волошин Д.Б., Будько Т.Н., Лях Р.Н., Скробко Е.С., Коноваленко О.В., Садовничий В.В., Заводник Л.Б. 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