<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2021-354-11-12-8-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-1811</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комбинированные функциональные добавки для сельскохозяйственных животных — важный сегмент в реализации стратегии антибиотикорезистентности и эффективный механизм восстановления гомеостаза животных при смешанных патологиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Combined functional additives for farm animals are an important segment in the implementation of the antibiotic resistance strategy and an effective mechanism for restoring animal homeostasis in mixed pathologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севастьянова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevastianova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Севастьянова Татьяна Владимировна, кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии и общей патологии</p><p>630093, г. Новосибирск, ул. Добролюбова, д. 160</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sevastyanova Tatyana Vladimirovna, Candidate VeterinaryScience, Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacologyand General Pathology</p><p>630093, Novosibirsk, 160, Dobrolyubova st.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianakenegen@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уша</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usha</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уша Борис Вениаминович, академик Российской академиинаук, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, директор</p><p>109316, г. Москва, ул. Талалихина, д. 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Usha Boris Veniaminovich, Academician of the Russian Academyof Sciences, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Director</p><p>109316, Moscow, st. Talalikhina, 33</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vetsan@mgupp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский ГАУ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Novosibirsk State Agrarian University”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт ветеринарии, ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы и агробезопасности ФГБОУ ВО МГУПП<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise and Agro-safety FSBEI HE MGUPP<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>354</volume><issue>11-12</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Севастьянова Т.В., Уша Б.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Севастьянова Т.В., Уша Б.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sevastianova T.V., Usha B.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1811">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1811</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье приведен обзор мировой ситуации, связанной с проблемой антибиотикорезистентности, поиск рациональных путей решения проблемы и предложения по обязательному введению функциональных кормовых добавок в нутриентный план животных с целью повышения резистентности организма животного и снижения токсической нагрузки на гепатобилиарную систему.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides an overview of the global situation related to the problem of antibiotic resistance, the search for rational ways to solve the problem and proposals for the imperative introduction of functional feed additives into the nutritional plan of animals in order to increase the resistance of the animal body and reduce the toxic load on the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>функциональные кормовые добавки</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>гепатопротекторы</kwd><kwd>экстракт расторопши</kwd><kwd>шрот расторопши</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>аntibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>functional feed additives</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>hepatoprotectors</kwd><kwd>milk thistle extract</kwd><kwd>milk thistle meal</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chattopadhyay M.K., 2014; Ardolino M., 2014; Done H.Y., 2015; Thevenot P.T., 2014; Sun Z., 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chattopadhyay M.K., 2014; Ardolino M., 2014; Done H.Y., 2015; Thevenot P.T., 2014; Sun Z., 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Neill J. The Review on antimicrobial resistance. Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. December 2014. Available from: http://amr-review.org/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Neill J. The Review on antimicrobial resistance. Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. December 2014. Available from: http://amr-review.org/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The fifth ESVAC report, 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The fifth ESVAC report, 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EFSA and ECDC. The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EFSA and ECDC. The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández L., Hancock R. E. W. Adaptive and mutational resistance: role of porins and efflux pumps in drug resistance // Clin Microbiol Rev. — 2012. — Vol. 25. — No. 4. — P. 661–681.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández L., Hancock R. E. W. Adaptive and mutational resistance: role of porins and efflux pumps in drug resistance // Clin Microbiol Rev. — 2012. — Vol. 25. — No. 4. — P. 661–681.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abebe E., Tegegne B. and Tibebu S. A Review on molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics // European Journal of Applied Sciences. — 2016. — Vol. 8. — No. 5. — P. 301– 310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abebe E., Tegegne B. and Tibebu S. A Review on molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics // European Journal of Applied Sciences. — 2016. — Vol. 8. — No. 5. — P. 301– 310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kapoor G., Saigal S., Elongavan A. Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for clinicians // J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. — 2017. — Vol. 33. — Issue 3. — Р. 300–3056, 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapoor G., Saigal S., Elongavan A. Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for clinicians // J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. — 2017. — Vol. 33. — Issue 3. — Р. 300–3056, 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munita J. M., Cesar A. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance // Microbiol Spectr. — 2016. — Vol. 4. — No. 2. — P. 10–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munita J. M., Cesar A. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance // Microbiol Spectr. — 2016. — Vol. 4. — No. 2. — P. 10–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Von Wintersdorff et al. Front Microbiol. 2016. Feb 19. No. 7. Р. 173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Von Wintersdorff et al. Front Microbiol. 2016. Feb 19. No. 7. Р. 173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилов А.И., Козлов Р.С., Козлов С.Н., Дехнич А.В. Практика ведения пациентов с инфекционным эндокардитом в Российской Федерации. Антибиотики и химиотерапия 2017;1-2:30-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilov A.I., Kozlov R.S., Kozlov S.N., Dekhnich A.V. Management of patients with infectious endocarditis in the Russian Federation. Antibiotics and chemotherapy 2017; 1-2: 30- 4(In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Субботин В.В., Данилевская Н.В. Антибактериальная терапия в ветеринарной практике. VetPharma 2011;1:38-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Subbotin V.V., Danilevskaya N.V. Antibacterial therapy in veterinary practice. VetPharma 2011;1:38-42.(In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудмагамбетов И.Р., Сарсенбаева С.С., Рамазанова Ш.Х., Есимова Н.К. Современные подходы к контролю и сдерживанию антибиотикорезистентности в мире. Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований 2015;9-1:54-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudmagambetov I.R., Sarsenbaeva S.S., Ramazanova S.H., Yesimova N.K. Modern approaches to control and deter antibiotic resistance in the world. International Journal of Applied and Basic Research 2015; 9-1: 54-9. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимкин В.Г., Дарбеева О.С., Колков В.Ф. Бактериофаги: исторические и современные аспекты их применения: опыт и перспективы. Клиническая практика 2010;4(4):48-54</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimkin V.G., Darbeeva O.S., Kolkov V.F. Bacteriophages: historical and modern aspects of their application: experience and prospects. Clinical practice 2010; 4 (4): 48-54. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дисбиоз кишечника. Руководство по диагностике и лечению / под редакцией Е.И. Ткаченко, А.Н. Суворова. – СПб.: СпецЛит, 2007. – 238 с.2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Intestinal dysbiosis. Manual on diagnosis and treatment/edited by E.I. Tkachenko, A.N. Suvorov. - St. Petersburg: SpetsLit, 2007. – The 238th page 2. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко Е.И., Успенский Ю.П. Питание, микробиоценоз и интеллект человека. – СПб.: СпецЛит, 2006. – 590 с. ; Шендеров Б.А. Медицинская микробная экология и функциональное питание. Т. 1. – М.: ГрантЪ, 1988. – С. 246–285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E.I. Tkachenko, Yu.P. Uspensky. Food, microbiocenosis and intelligence of the person. – SPb.: SpetsLit, 2006. – 590 pages; B.A. Shenderov. Medical microbic ecology and functional food. T. 1. – M.: Grant’, 1988. – Page 246-285.(In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuller R., Gibson G. Probiotics and prebiotics: microflora management for improved gut health // Clin. Microbial. Infect. – 1998; 4: 477–480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuller R., Gibson G. Probiotics and prebiotics: microflora management for improved gut health // Clin. Microbial. Infect. – 1998; 4: 477–480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hickson M. Probiotics in the prevention of antibioticassociated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile infection // Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol. – 2011; 4 (3): 185–197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hickson M. Probiotics in the prevention of antibioticassociated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile infection // Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol. – 2011; 4 (3): 185–197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanbelle M., Teller E., Focant M. (1990). Probiotics in animal nutrition: a review. Arch. Tierernahr. 40 (7), 543–567;2].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanbelle M., Teller E., Focant M. (1990). Probiotics in animal nutrition: a review. Arch. Tierernahr. 40 (7), 543–567;2].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кременчуцкий Г.Н., Рыженко С.А., Волянский А.Ю., Молчанов Р.Н., Чуйко В.И. А-бактерин в лечении и профилактике гнойно-воспалительных процессов. Днепропетровск: Пороги, 2000. — 150 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kremenchutsky G.N., Ryzhenko S.A., Volyansky A.Yu., Molchanov R.N., Chuiko V.I. A-bacterin in the treatment and prevention of purulent and inflammatory processes. Dnepropetrovsk: Thresholds, 2000. — 150 s1 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller M.B. and B.L. Bassler. 2001. Quorum sensing in bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol. 55:165- 199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller M.B. and B.L. Bassler. 2001. Quorum sensing in bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol. 55:165- 199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hughes, D.T. &amp; Sperandio, V. 2008. Inter-kingdom signalling: communication between bacteria and their hosts. Nature Reviews in Microbiology, 6(2): 111–120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hughes, D.T. &amp; Sperandio, V. 2008. Inter-kingdom signalling: communication between bacteria and their hosts. Nature Reviews in Microbiology, 6(2): 111–120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medellin-Penna, M.J., Wang, H.Jonson, R. Anand S. and Griffiths M.W., 2007. Probiotics affect virulence-related gene expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 73:4259-4267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medellin-Penna, M.J., Wang, H.Jonson, R. Anand S. and Griffiths M.W., 2007. Probiotics affect virulence-related gene expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 73:4259-4267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shrago, A., Chassy, B. &amp; Dobrogosz, W. 1986. Conjugal plasmid transfer (pAM beta 1) in Lactobacillus plantarum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 52(3): 574–576.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shrago, A., Chassy, B. &amp; Dobrogosz, W. 1986. Conjugal plasmid transfer (pAM beta 1) in Lactobacillus plantarum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 52(3): 574–576.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mountzouris, K., Tsitrsikos, P., Palamidi, I., Arvaniti, A., Mohnl, M., Schatzmayr, G. &amp; Fegeros, K. 2010. Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins, and cecal microflora composition. Poultry Science, 89(1): 58–67 .</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mountzouris, K., Tsitrsikos, P., Palamidi, I., Arvaniti, A., Mohnl, M., Schatzmayr, G. &amp; Fegeros, K. 2010. Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins, and cecal microflora composition. Poultry Science, 89(1): 58–67 .</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daskiran, M., Onol, A. G., Cengiz, O., Unsal, H., Turkyilmaz, S., Tatli, O. &amp; Sevim, O. 2012. Influence of dietary probiotic inclusion on growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of male broiler chickens exposed to posthatch holding time. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 21(3): 612–622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daskiran, M., Onol, A. G., Cengiz, O., Unsal, H., Turkyilmaz, S., Tatli, O. &amp; Sevim, O. 2012. Influence of dietary probiotic inclusion on growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of male broiler chickens exposed to posthatch holding time. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 21(3): 612–622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biloni A., Quintana C., Menconi A., Kallapura G., Latorre J., Pixley C., Layton S., Dalmagro M., Hernandez-Velasco, X. &amp; Wolfenden, A. 2013. Evaluation of effects of EarlyBird associated with FloraMax-B11 on Salmonella Enteritidis, intestinal morphology, and performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 92(9): 2337–234</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biloni A., Quintana C., Menconi A., Kallapura G., Latorre J., Pixley C., Layton S., Dalmagro M., Hernandez-Velasco, X. &amp; Wolfenden, A. 2013. Evaluation of effects of EarlyBird associated with FloraMax-B11 on Salmonella Enteritidis, intestinal morphology, and performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 92(9): 2337–234</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flórez, A.B., Ammor, M.S., Álvarez-Martín, P., Margolles, A. &amp; Mayo, B. 2006. Molecular analysis of tet (W) gene-mediated tetracycline resistance in dominant intestinal Bifidobacterium species from healthy humans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(11): 7377–7379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flórez, A.B., Ammor, M.S., Álvarez-Martín, P., Margolles, A. &amp; Mayo, B. 2006. Molecular analysis of tet (W) gene-mediated tetracycline resistance in dominant intestinal Bifidobacterium species from healthy humans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(11): 7377–7379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gueimonde, M., Sánchez, B., de los Reyes-Gavilán, C.G. &amp; Margolles, A. 2013. Antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4(202): 1–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gueimonde, M., Sánchez, B., de los Reyes-Gavilán, C.G. &amp; Margolles, A. 2013. Antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4(202): 1–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mullany, P., Wilks, M., Lamb, I., Clayton, C., Wren, B. &amp; Tabaqchali, S. 1990. Genetic analysis of a tetracycline resistance element from Clostridium difficile and its conjugal transfer to and from Bacillus subtilis. Journal of General Microbiology, 136(7): 1343–1349.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mullany, P., Wilks, M., Lamb, I., Clayton, C., Wren, B. &amp; Tabaqchali, S. 1990. Genetic analysis of a tetracycline resistance element from Clostridium difficile and its conjugal transfer to and from Bacillus subtilis. Journal of General Microbiology, 136(7): 1343–1349.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monod, M., DeNoya, C. &amp; Dubnau, D. 1986. Sequence and properties of pIM13, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance plasmid from Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Bacteriology, 167(1): 138–147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monod, M., DeNoya, C. &amp; Dubnau, D. 1986. Sequence and properties of pIM13, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance plasmid from Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Bacteriology, 167(1): 138–147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gryczan, T., Israeli-Reches, M., Del Bue, M. &amp; Dubnau, D. 1984. DNA sequence and regulation of ermD, a macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin B resistance element from Bacillus licheniformis. Molecular and General Genetics, 194(3): 349–356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gryczan, T., Israeli-Reches, M., Del Bue, M. &amp; Dubnau, D. 1984. DNA sequence and regulation of ermD, a macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin B resistance element from Bacillus licheniformis. Molecular and General Genetics, 194(3): 349–356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carattoli A. Resista nce plasmid fa mi lies in Enterobacteriaceae // Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 2009. Vol. 53. № 6. P. 2227–2238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carattoli A. Resista nce plasmid fa mi lies in Enterobacteriaceae // Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 2009. Vol. 53. № 6. P. 2227–2238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Супотницкий М.В. Механизмы развития резистентности к антибиотикам у бактерий // Биопрепараты. 2011. Т. 42. № 2. С. 4–44</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Supotnitsky M.V. Mechanisms for the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria//Biologics. 2011. T. 42. № 2. Page 4-44 (InRuss).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Probiotics in food: Health and nutritional properties and guidelines for evaluation. FAO Food and Nutrition. 2006. Paper 85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Probiotics in food: Health and nutritional properties and guidelines for evaluation. FAO Food and Nutrition. 2006. Paper 85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanders M.E., Akkermans L.M., Haller D. et al. Safety assessment of probiotics for human use // Gut Microbes. 2010. Vol. 1. № 3. P. 164–185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanders M.E., Akkermans L.M., Haller D. et al. Safety assessment of probiotics for human use // Gut Microbes. 2010. Vol. 1. № 3. P. 164–185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Vrese M., Winkler P., Rautenberg P. et al. Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3, B. bifidum MF 20/5 on common cold episodes: a double blind, randomized, controlled trial // Clin. Nutr. 2005. Vol. 24. № 4. P. 481–491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Vrese M., Winkler P., Rautenberg P. et al. Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3, B. bifidum MF 20/5 on common cold episodes: a double blind, randomized, controlled trial // Clin. Nutr. 2005. Vol. 24. № 4. P. 481–491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winkler P., de Vrese M., Laue Ch. et al. Effect of a dietary supplement containing probiotic bacteria plus vitamins and minerals on common cold infections and cellular immune parameters // Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2005. Vol. 43. № 7. P. 318–326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winkler P., de Vrese M., Laue Ch. et al. Effect of a dietary supplement containing probiotic bacteria plus vitamins and minerals on common cold infections and cellular immune parameters // Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2005. Vol. 43. № 7. P. 318–326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamamoto T., Kishida Y., Ishida T. et al. Effect of lactic acid bacteria on intestinally decomposed substance producing bacteria of human source // Basics and Clinics. 1986. Vol. 20. № 14. P. 123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamamoto T., Kishida Y., Ishida T. et al. Effect of lactic acid bacteria on intestinally decomposed substance producing bacteria of human source // Basics and Clinics. 1986. Vol. 20. № 14. P. 123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калюжин О.В. Пробиотики как современные средства укрепления противоинфекционной иммунной защиты: миф или реальность? // Русский медицинский журнал. 2012. № 28. С. 1395–1401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalyuzhin O.V. Probiotics as modern means of strengthening anti-infectious immune defenses: myth or reality ?// Russian Medical Journal. 2012. № 28. Page 1395-1401. (InRuss).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H.H., Schaffner D.W. Antibiotic resistance: how much do we know and where do we go from here? // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2011. Vol. 77. № 20. P. 7093–7095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H.H., Schaffner D.W. Antibiotic resistance: how much do we know and where do we go from here? // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2011. Vol. 77. № 20. P. 7093–7095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wigg A.J., Robert – Thompson J. G., Dymock R.B. The role small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal permeability, endotoxaemia and tumor necrosis factor – alfa in a pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. // Gut. – 2001. – Vol. 48. – P. 206 – 211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wigg A.J., Robert – Thompson J. G., Dymock R.B. The role small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal permeability, endotoxaemia and tumor necrosis factor – alfa in a pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. // Gut. – 2001. – Vol. 48. – P. 206 – 211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose S. Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary pathophysiology. Fence Greek Publishing, LLC, Madison. 1998. 475 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose S. Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary pathophysiology. Fence Greek Publishing, LLC, Madison. 1998. 475 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковенко Э.П. , Иванов А.Н. , Яковенко А.В. и др Метаболические заболевания печени как системные проявления дисбактериоза кишечника. Роль пробиотиков в нормализации кишечной микрофлоры// Регулярные выпуски «РМЖ» Русский медицинский журнал №6 от.2008 стр.396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovenko E.P., Ivanov A.N., Yakovenko A.V. et al.Metabolic liver diseases as systemic manifestations of intestinal dysbacteriosis. The Role of Probiotics in the Normalization of Intestinal Microflora// Regular Issues of "RMW" Russian Medical Journal No. 6 of October 2008 p.396. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мищенко В.А., Яременко Н.А., Павлов Д.К. Основные причины выбытия высокопродуктивных коров // Ветеринария. – 2004. – № 10. – С. 15-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishchenko V.A., Yaremenko N.A., Pavlov D.K. The main reasons for the attrition of highly productive cows//Veterinary. – 2004. – № 10. - S. 15-17. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tilg H., Diehl A. Cytokines in alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343 (20): 1467—1476.; Solga S.F., Diehl A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: lumen-liver interactions and possible role for probiotics. J Hepatol 2003; 38: 681—687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tilg H., Diehl A. Cytokines in alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343 (20): 1467—1476.; Solga S.F., Diehl A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: lumen-liver interactions and possible role for probiotics. J Hepatol 2003; 38: 681—687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буеверов А.О., Богомолов П.О., Маевская М.В. Патогенетическое лечение неалкогольного стеатогепатита: обоснование, эффективность, безопасность. Тер архив 2007; 8: 88—92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bueverov A.O., Bogomolov P.O., Mayevskaya M.V. Pathogenetic treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: rationale, effectiveness, safety. Ter archive 2007; 8: 88—92. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loria P., Lonardo A., Carulli L., Verrone A.M., Ricchi M., Lombardini S., Rudilosso A., Ballestri S., Carulli N. Review article: the metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22 (Suppl 2): 31–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loria P., Lonardo A., Carulli L., Verrone A.M., Ricchi M., Lombardini S., Rudilosso A., Ballestri S., Carulli N. Review article: the metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22 (Suppl 2): 31–36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панина Т.В Применение пробиотика – гепатопротектора «Гепопро» при токсических поражениях печени у собак.// Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата ветеринарных наук., 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panina T.V. In Application of a probiotic – a gepatoprotektor “Gepopro” in toxic pathologies of a liver on dogs.//the Thesis for a degree of the candidate of veterinary sciences., 2009. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рисунки, используемые в статье взяты из издания «Практическое руководство по антиинфекционной химиотерапии под редакцией Л.С. Страчунского, Ю.Б. Белоусова, С.Н. Козлова. Механизмы резистентности микроорганизмов» (Сидоренко С.В.) Москва, 2002 © 2000-2007 НИИАХ СГМА .</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The drawings used in article are taken from the edition "Practical guidance on anti-infectious chemotherapy under L.S. Strachunsky, Y.B. Belousov, S.N. Kozlova. Mechanisms of resistance of microorganisms" (S.V. Sidorenko) Moscow, 2002 © 2000-2007 NIIAH SGMA (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
