vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2022-356-2-56-61vetpress-1995Research ArticleРАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВОPLANT GROWINGАктивность антиоксидантных ферментов и термостабильность мембран у генотипов твердой пшеницы при тепловом стрессеAntioxidant enzymes activity and membrane thermostability in durum wheat genotypes under heat stresshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1772-8327ЗульфугароваС. Т.ZulfuqarovaS. T.

 докторант по специальности «молекулярная биология», младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биоадаптации 

 AZ1073, г. Баку, ул. Иззята Набиева, 11, Азербайджан 

PhD student in “Molecular Biology”, junior researcher of Bioadaptation Laboratory

11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-7109РустамоваС. М.RustamovaS. M.

 доктор философии по биологии, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биоадаптации 

 AZ1073, г. Баку, ул. Иззята Набиева, 11, Азербайджан 

 PhD in biology, leading researcher fellow of Bioadaptation Laboratory

11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3336-2203ГусейноваИ. М.HuseynovaI. M.

академик, вице-президент НАН Азербайджана, директор 

 AZ1073, г. Баку, ул. Иззята Набиева, 11, Азербайджан 

 Academician, Vice-president of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Director 

11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan 

irada.huseynova@science.azИнститут молекулярной биологии и биотехнологий НАН АзербайджанаАзербайджанInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS)AzerbaijanИнститут молекулярной биологии и биотехнологий НАН АзербайджанаАзербайджанInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS Azerbaijan202208042022025661Copyright © Зульфугарова С.Т., Рустамова С.М., Гусейнова И.М., 20222022Зульфугарова С.Т., Рустамова С.М., Гусейнова И.М.Zulfuqarova S.T., Rustamova S.M., Huseynova I.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/1995

Актуальность. Недостаточная устойчивость к экстремально высоким температурам окружающей среды является одной из главных причин снижения урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур.Методы. В данной работе были использованы два контрастных по стрессоустойчивости генотипа твердой пшеницы (Triticum durum Desf.): Баракатли-95 (устойчивый) и Гарагылчыг-2 (чувствительный). Активность антиоксидантных ферментов, каталазы, аскорбатпероксидазы, гваяколпероксидазы и бензидинпероксидазы исследовали спектрофотометрически. Термостабильность мембран определяли по выходу электролитов из интактных растительных тканей.Результаты. Выявлено, что ключевая роль в элиминации активных форм кислорода при воздействии высоких температур принадлежит гваяколпероксидазе, так как при кратковременном тепловом стрессе наблюдалось значительное повышение активности этого фермента. Тепловой стресс вызвал незначительное снижение активности каталазы и существенное снижение активности аскорбатпероксидазы и бензидинпероксидазы. Наблюдалось повышение концентрации тотального белка при тепловом шоке. Коэффициент повреждаемости мембран возрастал прямо пропорционально температуре нагрева и показал наибольшее значение у чувствительного сорта Гарагылчыг-2. По показателям выхода электролитов из тканей листьев при гипертермии сделан вывод о сортспецифической термостабильности мембран у пшеницы.

Relevance. Insufficient tolerance to extremely high temperatures is one of the main reasons for the decline in crop yields.Methods. Two contrasting durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf.) were used in the present study: Barakatli 95 (tolerant genotype) and Garagylchyg 2 (stress-sensitive genotype). The activity of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APO), catalase (CAT), guaiacolperoxidase (GPO), and benzidine peroxidase (BPO), were studied spectrophotometrically. The membrane thermostability was determined by the release of electrolytes from intact plant tissue.Results. It was revealed that guaiacolperoxidase plays a key role in the elimination of reactive oxygen species when exposed to high temperatures, since a significant increase in the activity of this enzyme was observed during short-term thermal stress. Heat stress caused a slight decrease in catalase activity and a significant decrease in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and benzidine peroxidase. An increase in total protein concentration was observed under heat stress. The indicators of the electrolyte leakage from leaf tissues confirm the variety-specific thermostability of wheat membranes. The membrane damage rate (MDR) increased in direct proportion to the heating temperature and showed the highest value in the sensitive Garagylchyg 2 variety. According to the electrolyte leackage parameters from leaf tissues during hyperthermia, was concluded variety-specific thermal stability of wheat plant membranes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.