vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2022-365-12-20-25vetpress-2390Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯZOOTECHNICS AND VETERINARY MEDICINEВлияние лузги кавитированной на метаболом конечных продуктов ферментации, микробиом и физико-химические параметры рубца (in vitro)Effect of cavitated husks on the metabolome of fermentation end products, microbiome and physicochemical parameters of the rumen (in vitro)АтландероваК. Н.AtlanderovaK. N.

Ксения Николаевна Атландерова,  кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник

испытательный центр

460000

29, ул. 9 Января

Оренбург

Ksenia N. Atlanderova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Researcher

Testing Center

460000

29, Str. Yanvarya 9

Orenburg

atlaner-kn@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-1952МирошниковС. А.MiroshnikovS. A.

Сергей Александрович Мирошников, доктор биологических наук, член-корреспондент РАН, главный научный сотрудник

отдел кормления сельскохозяйственных животных и технологии кормов им. С. Г. Леушина

460000

29, ул. 9 Января

Оренбург

Sergey A. Miroshnikov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher

Department of Farm Animal Feeding and Feed Technology named after S. G. Leushina

460000

29, Str. Yanvarya 9

Orenburg

vniims.or@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9561РязановВ. А.RyazanovV. A.

Виталий Александрович Рязанов, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник

отдел кормления сельскохозяйственных животных и технологии кормов им. С. Г. Леушина

460000

29, ул. 9 Января

Оренбург

Vitaliy A. Ryazanov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Researcher

Department of Farm Animal Feeding and Feed Technology. S. G. Leushina

460000

29, Str. Yanvarya 9

Orenburg

vita7456@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-8367ДускаевГ. К.DuskaevG. K.

Галимжан Калиханович Дускаев, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

отдел кормления сельскохозяйственных животных и технологии кормовим. С. Г. Леушина

460000

29, ул. 9 Января

Оренбург

Galimzhan K. Duskaev, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher

Department of Farm Animal Feeding and Feed Technology named after S. G. Leushin

460000

29, Str. Yanvarya 9

Orenburg

gduskaev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2586-613XШейдаЕ. В.SheidaE. V.

Елена Владимировна Шейда, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник, старший научный сотрудник

лаборатория биологических испытаний и экспертиз

институт биоэлементологии

460000

ул. 9 Января, 29

460018

13, пр. Победы

Оренбург

тел.: +7 (922) 862-64-02

Elena V. Sheida, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Researcher, Senior Researcher

Laboratory of Biological Tests and Examinations

Institute of Bioelementology

460000

29, str. January 9

460018

13, Pobedy Ave.

Orenburg

tel.: +7 (922) 862-64-02

elena-shejjda@mail.ruФедеральный научный центр биологических систем и агротехнологий Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2022160120230122025Copyright © Атландерова К.Н., Мирошников С.А., Рязанов В.А., Дускаев Г.К., Шейда Е.В., 20232023Атландерова К.Н., Мирошников С.А., Рязанов В.А., Дускаев Г.К., Шейда Е.В.Atlanderova K.N., Miroshnikov S.A., Ryazanov V.A., Duskaev G.K., Sheida E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2390

   Актуальность. На сегодняшний день значительное место в кормлении сельскохозяйственных животных отводится такому недорогому отходу маслоэкстракционной промышленности, как лузга подсолнечника. В связи с этим один из перспективных и современных методов оптимизации производства кормов может заключаться в использовании жидких сред, активируемых различными способами, в комплексе с ультразвуковым воздействием.   Методы. Объектами исследований являлись измельченная подсолнечная лузга (1,0 мм) (образец 1), а также лузга, обработанная ультразвуком (кавитированная) в гидромодулях с водой (в соотношении«лузга :  вода» 1 : 3 (образец 2)), и с молочной кислотой «лузга : молочная кислота» 1 : 3 (образец 3)). Полученные образцы использовались в исследованиях in vitro с рубцовой жидкостью на инкубаторе «Daisy D200I» («Ankom Technology», США). Устанавливали следующие показатели обмена азотистых метаболитов в рубцовом содержимом – азот остаточный и общий методом Къельдаля по методике К. К. Ахажанова (2016); аммиачный азот – микродиффузным методом по Конвею. Таксономический состав рубцовой жидкости определялся методом NGS-секвенирования на приборе «MiSeq» («Illumina», США).   Результаты. Анализ данных показал, что использование кавитированной лузги подсолнечника увеличивает переваримость сухого вещества на 19,0 % (Р ≤ 0,01), а кавитированной совместно с молочной кислотой лузги – на 20,7 % (Р ≤ 0,01) в сравнении с измельченной лузгой. При инкубировании кавитированной лузги подсолнечника и кавитированной совместно с молочной кислотой лузги отмечено снижение численности архей, в частности, класса Methanobacteria на 23,73 % и 20,36 % (Р ≤ 0,05), и увеличение численности бактерий филумов Bacteroidetes на 10,2 % и 11,27 %, Firmicutes – на 4,66 % и 6,86 % относительно использования лузги измельченной.

   Relevance. Today, a significant place in the feeding of farm animals is given to such inexpensive waste from the oil extraction industry as sunflower husk. In this regard, one of the promising and modern methods for optimizing feed production can be the use of liquid media activated in various ways, in combination with ultrasonic treatment.   Materials and methods. The object of research was crushed sunflower husk (1.0 mm) (sample 1), as well as husk sonicated (cavitated) in hydromodules with water (in the ratio “husk: water” 1 : 3 (sample 2)), and with lactic acid (“husk: lactic acid” 1 : 3 (sample 3)). The obtained samples were used in in vitro studies with rumen fluid in the “Daisy D200I” incubator (“Ankom Technology”, USA). The following indicators of the exchange of nitrogenous metabolites in the cicatricial contents were determined – residual and total nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method according to the method of K. K. Akhazhanova (2016); ammonia nitrogen – by microdiffusion method according to Conway. The taxonomic composition of the scar fluid was determined by NGS-sequencing using the “MiSeq device” (“Illumina”, USA).   Research results. Data analysis showed that the use of cavitated sunflower husk increases the digestibility of dry matter by 19.0 % (Р ≤ 0.01), and cavitated together with lactic acid husk – by 20.7 % (Р ≤ 0.01) in comparison with crushed husk. When incubating cavitated sunflower husk and cavitated together with lactic acid sunflower husk, there were a decrease in the number of archaea, in particular the class Methanobacteria, by 23.73 % and 20.36 % (Р ≤ 0.05) and an increase in the number of bacteria of the phyla Bacteroidetes by 10.2 % and 11.27 %, Firmicutes – by 4.66 % and 6.86 % relative to the use of crushed husk.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.