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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2022-365-12-28-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-2393</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOTECHNICS AND VETERINARY MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение экспрессии генов антимикробных пептидов у сельскохозяйственной птицы под влиянием глифосата и пробиотика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes in the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in poultry under the influence of glyphosate and probiotic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-2432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрина</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurina</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Георгиевна Тюрина, кандидат экономических наук, заместитель директора по финансам</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria G. Tyurina, PhD of Economic Sciences, Deputy Director of Financial</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tiurina@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-6659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптев</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laptev</surname><given-names>G. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Георгий Юрьевич Лаптев, доктор биологических наук, генеральный директор</p><p>192284</p><p>бульвар Загребский, д. 19</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgiy Y. Laptev, Doctor of Biological Sciences</p><p>192284</p><p>19, Zagrebsky Boulevar</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laptev@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-5105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Йылдырым</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yildirim</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Йылдырым, доктор биологических наук, главный биотехнолог</p><p>молекулярно-генетическая лаборатория</p><p>192284</p><p>бульвар Загребский, д. 19</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Yildirim, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Biotechnologist</p><p>Molecular Genetic Laboratory</p><p>192284</p><p>19, Zagrebsky Boulevar</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deniz@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-4844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса Александровна Ильина, кандидат биологических наук, начальник лаборатории</p><p>молекулярно-генетическая лаборатория</p><p>192284</p><p>бульвар Загребский, д. 19</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa A. Ilyina, PhD of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>Molecular Genetic Laboratory</p><p>192284</p><p>19, Zagrebsky Boulevar</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilina@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8789-9837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Анатольевна Филиппова, биотехнолог</p><p>молекулярно-генетическая лаборатория</p><p>192284</p><p>бульвар Загребский, д. 19</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina A. Filippova, biotechnologist</p><p>molecular genetic laboratory</p><p>192284</p><p>19, Zagrebsky Boulevar</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filippova@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-9330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бражник</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brazhnik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Александрович Бражник, контролер по качеству</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Brazhnik, quality control specialist</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vetdoctor@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-6839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калиткина</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalitkina</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Андреевна Калиткина, биотехнолог</p><p>молекулярно-генетическая лаборатория</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya A. Kalitkina, biotechnologist</p><p>molecular genetic laboratory</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kseniya.k.a@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-8273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Сергеевна Пономарева, биотехнолог</p><p>молекулярно-генетическая лаборатория</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Ponomareva, biotechnologist</p><p>molecular genetic laboratory</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kate@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-4114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубровин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrovin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Валерьевич Дубровин, кандидат ветеринарных наук, биотехнолог</p><p>молекулярно-генетическая лаборатория</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Dubrovin, PhD of Veterinary Sciences, biotechnologist</p><p>molecular genetic laboratory</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dubrowin.a.v@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-4184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Ивановна Новикова, заместитель директора</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya I. Novikova, Deputy Director</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novikova@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-1753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахматчин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmatchin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Андреевич Ахматчин, менеджер по продажам</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy A. Akhmatchin, sales-manager</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">da@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-6226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молотков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molotkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виталий Владимирович Молотков, менеджер по продажам</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy V. Molotkov, sales-manager</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">molotkov@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2883-3974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меликиди</surname><given-names>В. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melikidi</surname><given-names>V. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вероника Христофоровна Меликиди, ведущий биотехнолог-разработчик</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika H. Melikidi, leading biotechnologist-developer</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veronika@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горфункель</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorfunkel</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Павловна Горфункель, контролер по качеству</p><p>196602</p><p>ул. Малиновская, д. 8</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Пушкин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena P. Gorfunkel, quality control specialist</p><p>196602</p><p>8 Malinovskaya, str.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Pushkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «БИОТРОФ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">OOO “BIOTROF”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «БИОТРОФ+»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">OOO “BIOTROF+”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «БИОТРОФ+»; Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">OOO “BIOTROF+”; St. Petersburg State Agrarian University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «БИОТРОФ»; ООО «БИОТРОФ+»; Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">OOO “BIOTROF”; OOO “BIOTROF+”; St. Petersburg State Agrarian University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «БИОТРОФ»; Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">OOO “BIOTROF”; St. Petersburg State Agrarian University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тюрина Д.Г., Лаптев Г.Ю., Йылдырым Е.А., Ильина Л.А., Филиппова В.А., Бражник Е.А., Калиткина К.А., Пономарева Е.С., Дубровин А.В., Новикова Н.И., Ахматчин Д.А., Молотков В.В., Меликиди В.Х., Горфункель Е.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тюрина Д.Г., Лаптев Г.Ю., Йылдырым Е.А., Ильина Л.А., Филиппова В.А., Бражник Е.А., Калиткина К.А., Пономарева Е.С., Дубровин А.В., Новикова Н.И., Ахматчин Д.А., Молотков В.В., Меликиди В.Х., Горфункель Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyurina D.G., Laptev G.Y., Yildirim E.A., Ilyina L.A., Filippova V.A., Brazhnik E.A., Kalitkina K.A., Ponomareva E.S., Dubrovin A.V., Novikova N.I., Akhmatchin D.A., Molotkov V.V., Melikidi V.H., Gorfunkel E.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2393">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2393</self-uri><abstract><p>   Актуальность. Появляется все больше информации о том, что глифосаты могут оказывать ряд негативных эффектов на здоровье животных, птиц и человека, что вызывает серьезную озабоченность в отношении глобальной безопасности кормов и продукции животноводства и птицеводства.   Методы. Эксперименты проводили в виварии ООО «БИОТРОФ+» на бройлерах кросса Росс 308. Птиц разделили на 3 группы: 1-ю (контрольную), получавшую рацион без введения добавок, 2-ю (опытную), получавшую рацион с добавлением глифосата, 3-ю (опытную), получавшую рацион с добавлением глифосата и штамма микроорганизма Bacillus sp. ГЛ-8. Анализ экспрессии генов слепых отростков кишечника бройлеров проводили с помощью количественной ПЦР с обратной транскрипцией. Для анализа экспрессии мРНК были выбраны специфические праймеры для генов антимикробных пептидов. Реакции амплификации проводили с использованием «SsoAdvanced ™ Universal SYBR® Green Supermix» («Bio-Rad», США).   Результаты. Показано, что остаточные количества глифосатов, присутствующие в кормах бройлеров, оказывают влияние на экспрессию генов антимикробных пептидов AvBD1, AvBD2 , AvBD4, AvBD6, CATH-2, NK-lysin, усиливая ее. Так, например, в опытной группе 2 наблюдалось усиление экспрессии генов дефензинов AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD4, AvBD6 в 21,9; 29,9; 35,1 и 33,5 раза соответственно по сравнению с контрольной группой 1 (Р ≤ 0,001). Снижение (на 31–41 %) экспрессии гена LEAP-2 при загрязнении корма глифосатами может, по всей видимости, приводить к уменьшению резистентности к бактериальным патогенам, таким как Salmonella enterica typhimurium, Streptococcus spp., и увеличению тяжести симптомов кокцидиозов у птиц. Пробиотик оказывал «выравнивающее» влияние на экспрессию генов дефензинов AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD4 и AvBD6. Вероятно, это связано с усилением у микробиоты кишечника, модифицированной пробиотиком, возможностей метаболизма глифосата, что могло действовать в качестве физического барьера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Relevance</title><p>   Relevance. There is increasing information that glyphosates can have a range of adverse effects on animal, bird and human health, raising serious concerns about global feed and animal and poultry product safety.</p></sec><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods. The experiments were carried out in the vivarium of OOO “BIOTROF+” on broilers of the Ross 308 cross. The birds were divided into 3 groups: 1st (control), which received a diet without additives, 2nd (experimental), which received a diet with the addition of glyphosate, 3rd (experimental), which received a diet with the addition of glyphosate and a strain of the microorganism Bacillus sp. GL-8. Analysis of the gene expression of the caecum of the intestines of broilers was carried out using quantitative PCR with reverse transcription. To analyze mRNA expression, specific primers for antimicrobial peptide genes were selected. Amplification reactions were performed using “SsoAdvanced™ Universal SYBR® Green Supermix” (“Bio-Rad”).</p><p>   Results showed that the residual amounts of glyphosates which are present at sterns of broilers influence an expression of genes of antimicrobic peptides AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD4, AvBD6, CATH-2, NK-lysin, strengthening it. For example, in experimental group 2, there was an increase in gene expression of defensins AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD4, AvBD6 by 21.9, 29.9, 35.1 and  33.5 times, respectively, compared to control group 1 (Р ≤ 0,001). A decrease (31 to 41%) in LEAP-2 gene expression when feed is contaminated with glyphosates may likely lead to a decrease in resistance to bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella enterica typhimurium, Streptococcus spp. and increased severity by the symptom of coccidiosis in poulty. The probiotic had a «leveling» effect on the expression of AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD4 and AvBD6 defensin genes. This is likely due to the enhancement in the probiotic-modified gut microbiota of glyphosate metabolic opportunities, which may have acted as a physical barrier.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бройлеры</kwd><kwd>антимикробные пептиды</kwd><kwd>глифосат</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>пробиотик</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>broilers</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial peptides</kwd><kwd>glyphosate</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>probiotic</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда 22-16-00128</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 22-16-00128</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тюрина Д. Г. 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