vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-366-1-49-52vetpress-2437Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯZOOTECHNICS AND VETERINARY MEDICINEОценка влияния длительности сервис-периода на молочную продуктивность коровAssessment of influence of duration of the service period on the milk yield of cowshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-2514ГореликА. С.GorelikA. S.

Артем Сергеевич Горелик, кандидат биологических наук

620137, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 22

Artem Sergeevich Gorelik, candidate of biological sciences

620137, Yekaterinburg, Mira str., 22

temae077ex@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-5143РебезовМ. Б.RebezovM. B.

Максим Борисович Ребезов, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор

620075, Екатеринбург, ул. Карла Либкнехта, 42109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26

Maksim Borisovich Rebezov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor

620075, Yekaterinburg, Karl Liebknecht, str., 42109316, Moscow, Talalikhin, str., 26

rebezov@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-5832БелооковА. А.BelookovA. A.

Алексей Анатольевич Белооков, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент

457103, Троицк, ул. Гагарина, 13

Alexey Anatolyevich Belookov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor

457103, Troitsk, Gagarin str., 13

belookov@yandex.ruБелооковаО. В.BelookovaO. V.

Оксана Владимировна Белоокова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент

457103, Троицк, ул. Гагарина, 13

Oksana Vladimirovna Belookova, candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor

457103, Troitsk, Gagarin str., 13

belookov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-6109КульмаковаН. И.KulmakovaN. I.

Наталия Ивановна Кульмакова, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент

127550, Москва, Тимирязевская улица, 49

Natalia Ivanovna Kulmakova, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor

127550, Moscow, Timiryazevskaya str., 49

kni11@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-9698СафроновС. Л.SafronovS. L.

Сергей Леонидович Сафронов, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент

196084, Санкт-Петербург, Черниговская ул., 5

Sergey Leonidovich Safronov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor

196084, St. Petersburg, Chernigovskaya str., 5

safronovsl@list.ruУральский институт Государственной противопожарной службы МЧСРоссияUral Institute of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency SituationsRussian FederationУральский государственный аграрный университет; Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатого Российской академии наукРоссияUral State Agrarian University; V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationЮжно-Уральский государственный аграрный университетРоссияSouth Ural State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationРоссийский государственный аграрный университет — МСХА им. К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University — Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. TimiryazevRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медициныРоссияSt. Petersburg State University of Veterinary MedicineRussian Federation202319012023014952Copyright © Горелик А.С., Ребезов М.Б., Белооков А.А., Белоокова О.В., Кульмакова Н.И., Сафронов С.Л., 20232023Горелик А.С., Ребезов М.Б., Белооков А.А., Белоокова О.В., Кульмакова Н.И., Сафронов С.Л.Gorelik A.S., Rebezov M.B., Belookov A.A., Belookova O.V., Kulmakova N.I., Safronov S.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2437

Уральский тип отечественной черно-пестрой породы отличается высокими показателями продуктивности, хорошей пригодностью к использованию в условиях промышленной технологии молока, но длительность его продуктивного долголетия составляет 2,4–2,6 лактаций. Снижение продуктивного долголетия связано, в частности, с воспроизводительными качествами. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что за счет удлинения продолжительности лактации (свыше 305 дней) получено больше молока на 847–890 кг, или на 9,5–10,0%. При этом наблюдается снижение МДЖ и МДБ в молоке за 305 дней лактации: на 0,01–0,02% по жиру и на 0,02% по белку. Наиболее высокие среднесуточные удои установлены при длительности лактации 305 дней. У дочерей всех оцениваемых быков-производителей была одинаковая продолжительность сервис-периода — 132–134 дня. Она была выше оптимальных показателей на 52–54 дня, или на 65–68%. Индекс плодовитости коров превышает 48%, поэтому можно говорить о том, что плодовитость у коров хорошая. Потенциал плодовитости маточного поголовья хороший и сокращение длительности сервис-периода позволит повысить эффективность молочного скотоводства в хозяйстве.

The Ural type of the Russian Black-and-White mottled breed features high rates of milk yield, good suitability for industrial milking technology, but the duration of their productive longevity is 2.4–2.6 lactations only. The decline in productive longevity is associated, in particular, with qualities of reproductive system. As a result of the conducted researches, it was found that due to elongation of lactation (over 305 days), more milk was obtained by 847–890 kg, or by 9.5–10.0%. At the same time, there is a decrease in MFF and MFP in milk for 305 days of lactation: by 0.01–0.02% for fat and by 0.02% for protein. The highest average daily milk yield was recorded in lactation duration of 305 days. The daughters of all assessed servicing bulls had the same service period of 132–134 days. It is 52–54 days higher than optimal indicators, or by 65–68%. The fertility index of cows exceeds 48%, so we can say that the fertility of cows is good. The fertility potential of the livestock is good and decrease of service period duration will increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in the farm.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.