<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2023-367-2-23-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-2488</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOTECHNICS AND VETERINARY MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности использования микроядерного анализа для выявления генных мутаций животных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of using micronucleus analysis to detect gene mutations in animals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4617-1644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новгородова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novgorodova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Петровна Новгородова, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>п. Дубровицы, 60, Московская обл., 142132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna Petrovna Novgorodova, Candidate of Biological Sciences</p><p>60, Dubrovitsy, Moscow region, 142132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novg-inna2005@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новгородова И.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новгородова И.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novgorodova I.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2488">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2488</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Основной целью проведения микроядерного анализа является выявление веществ, вызывающих цитотоксические повреждения и приводящие к образованию микроядер, содержащих отстающие фрагменты хромосом или целых хромосом. Для исследования хромосомных нарушений сейчас очень часто используют микроядерный анализ, так как он достаточно легкий в исполнении и не требует больших затрат.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и результаты</title><p>Методы и результаты. Микроядра являются цитоплазматическими хроматинсодержащими телами, формирующимися при запаздывании в анафазе либо телофазе при клеточном делении или фрагментации ядра в процессе апоптоза. Метод микроядерного анализа используют в качестве биомаркера хромосомных аберраций при исследовании на мутагенность, а также как маркер развития онкологических заболеваний. При количественных изменениях ДНК в клетке происходит образование микроядер. Именно их наличие и является показателем того, что организм был подвержен загрязнению окружающей среды (ядохимикаты, пестициды, радиация, тяжелые металлы и т. д.), приводящей к воспалительным и патологическим процессам. В последнее время проведено много исследований, направленных на изучение влияния факторов окружающей среды на генетический аппарат организма. Под действием мутагенов в пролиферирующих клетках образуются микроядра, подсчет которых позволяет проводить диагностику как генотоксического стресса, так и генетической нестабильности организма. Для определения ранних генетических изменений в организме человека и животных необходимы чувствительные и нетрудоемкие методы, к которым как раз можно и отнести микроядерный анализ. В последнее время микроядерный анализ становится актуальным для использования его в животноводческой сфере, в основном при исследованиях, направленных на контроль качества животноводческой продукции, используемой в дальнейшем для питания человека.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The main purpose of micronuclear analysis is to identify substances that cause cytotoxic damage and lead to the formation of micronuclei containing lagging fragments of chromosomes or whole chromosomes. For the study of chromosomal disorders, micronuclear analysis is now very often used, since it is quite easy to perform and does not require large costs.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and results</title><p>Methods and results. Micronuclei are cytoplasmic chromatin-containing bodies formed when delayed in anaphase or telophase during cell division or fragmentation of the nucleus during apoptosis. The method of micronuclear analysis is used as a biomarker of chromosomal aberrations in the study of mutagenicity, as well as a marker of the development of oncological diseases. With quantitative changes in DNA in the cell, the formation of micronuclei occurs. It is their presence that is an indicator that the body was exposed to environmental pollution (pesticides, pesticides, radiation, heavy metals, etc.), leading to inflammatory and pathological processes. Recently, many studies have been conducted aimed at studying the influence of environmental factors on the genetic apparatus of the body. Under the influence of mutagens, micronuclei are formed in proliferating cells, the counting of which allows for the diagnosis of both genotoxic stress and genetic instability of the organism. To determine early genetic changes in humans and animals, sensitive and labor-intensive methods are needed, which can be attributed to micronuclear analysis. Recently, micronuclear analysis has become relevant for its use in the livestock sector, mainly in research aimed at quality control of livestock products used in the future for human nutrition.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроядерный анализ</kwd><kwd>генотоксичность</kwd><kwd>биомониторинг</kwd><kwd>микроядра</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>периферическая кровь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>micronucleus analysis</kwd><kwd>genotoxicity</kwd><kwd>biomonitoring</kwd><kwd>micronuclei</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>peripheral blood</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания 0445-2021-0005 при финансовой поддержке фундаментальных научных исследований Минобрнауки РФ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state task 0445-2021-0005 with the financial support of fundamental scientific research of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крюков В.И., Власова Е.Ю. Влияние гиповитаминоза на частоту микроядер в эритроцитах периферической крови индейки домашней (MELEAGRIS GALLОPAVO). Биология в сельском хозяйстве. 2019; 3(24): 2-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kryukov V.I., Vlasova E.Yu. Effect of hypovitaminosis on the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes of domestic turkey (MELEAGRIS GALLОPAVO). Biology in agriculture. 2019; 3(24): 2-9. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandoval-Herrera N., Paz Castillo J., Montalvo L.G.H. and Welch K.C. Micronucleus Test Reveals Genotoxic Effects in Bats Associated with Agricultural Activity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2021; 40(1): 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4907.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandoval-Herrera N., Paz Castillo J., Montalvo L.G.H. and Welch K.C. Micronucleus Test Reveals Genotoxic Effects in Bats Associated with Agricultural Activity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2021; 40(1): 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4907.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fenech M. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Nature Protocols. 2007; 2(5): 1084-1104. doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fenech M. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Nature Protocols. 2007; 2(5): 1084-1104. doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симаков Ю.Г., Никитин И.А., Иванов С.А., Штерман В.С., Штерман С.В., Сидоренко М.Ю., Сидоренко Ю.И. Изучение токсикологических характеристик растительных экстрактов для использования в продуктах спортивного питания. Пищевая промышленность. 2021; 11: 74-79. DOI 10.52653/PPI.2021.11.11.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simakov Yu.G., Nikitin I.A., Ivanov S.A., Shterman V.S., Shterman S.V., Sidorenko M.Yu., Sidorenko Yu.I. Study of the toxicological characteristics of plant extracts for use in sports nutrition products. Food industry. 2021; 11: 74-79. DOI 10.52653/PPI.2021.11.11.009. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сутягина О.И., Кисурина-Евгеньева О.П. Морфофункциональные различия микроядер в культурах р53-положительных и р53-отрицательных опухолевых клеток человека. Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2019; 167(6): 777-783.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutyagina O.I., Kisurina-Evgen’eva O.P. Morphofunctional differences in micronuclei in cultures of p53-positive and p53-negative human tumor cells. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine. 2019; 167(6): 777-783. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muller H. The production of mutations by X-rays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 1928; 68: 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.68.1751.59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muller H. The production of mutations by X-rays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 1928; 68: 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.68.1751.59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyamae Y., Yamamoto M., Sasaki Y., Kobayashi H., Igarashi-Soga M., Shimoi K., Hayashi M. Evaluation of a tissue homogenization technique that isolates nuclei for the in vivo single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay: a collaborative study by five laboratories. Mutation Research. 1998; 418: 131-140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyamae Y., Yamamoto M., Sasaki Y., Kobayashi H., Igarashi-Soga M., Shimoi K., Hayashi M. Evaluation of a tissue homogenization technique that isolates nuclei for the in vivo single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay: a collaborative study by five laboratories. Mutation Research. 1998; 418: 131-140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Souto H.N., de Campos Júnior E.O., Campos C.F., Rodrigues T.S., Pereira B.B., Morelli S. Biomonitoring birds: The use of a micronuclei test as a tool to assess environmental pollutants on coffee farms in southeast Brazil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25: 24084-24092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Souto H.N., de Campos Júnior E.O., Campos C.F., Rodrigues T.S., Pereira B.B., Morelli S. Biomonitoring birds: The use of a micronuclei test as a tool to assess environmental pollutants on coffee farms in southeast Brazil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25: 24084-24092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fenech M. Micronuclei and their association with sperm abnormalities, infertility, pregnancy loss, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction in humans. Mutagenesis. 2011; 26(1): 63-67. doi:10.1093/mutage/geq084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fenech M. Micronuclei and their association with sperm abnormalities, infertility, pregnancy loss, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction in humans. Mutagenesis. 2011; 26(1): 63-67. doi:10.1093/mutage/geq084.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касимова С.К., Ломтева Н.А., Кондратенко Е.И., Кузина Т.В., Сазбанова А.Д. Цитогенетические нарушения в клетках буккального эпителия студентов разных этнических групп. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2020; 6: 186. DOI 10.17513/spno.30453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasimova S.K., Lomteva N.A., Kondratenko E.I., Kuzina T.V., Sazbanova A.D. Cytogenetic disorders in buccal epithelial cells of students of different ethnic groups. Modern problems of science and education. 2020; 6: 186. DOI 10.17513/spno.30453. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikiforov-Nikishin D.L., Kochetkov N.I., Smorodinskaya S.V., Tatarenko P.Yu., Matveeva D.M. Toxicity of metal chelates mixture in aquatic environment at Danio rerio. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021; 839(5): 052010. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/839/5/052010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikiforov-Nikishin D.L., Kochetkov N.I., Smorodinskaya S.V., Tatarenko P.Yu., Matveeva D.M. Toxicity of metal chelates mixture in aquatic environment at Danio rerio. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021; 839(5): 052010. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/839/5/052010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirsch-Volders M., Fenech M., Bolognesi C. Validity of the Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay (L-CBMN) as biomarker for human exposure to chemicals with different modes of action: A synthesis of systematic reviews. Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis. 2018; 836:47-52. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.05.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirsch-Volders M., Fenech M., Bolognesi C. Validity of the Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay (L-CBMN) as biomarker for human exposure to chemicals with different modes of action: A synthesis of systematic reviews. Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis. 2018; 836:47-52. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.05.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirsch-Volders M., Fenech M. Micronucleus Assays with Human Lymphocytes for In Vitro Genetic Toxicology Testing. In The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology. London, UK. 2019; 157-168. DOI:10.1039/9781788013604-00157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirsch-Volders M., Fenech M. Micronucleus Assays with Human Lymphocytes for In Vitro Genetic Toxicology Testing. In The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology. London, UK. 2019; 157-168. DOI:10.1039/9781788013604-00157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boveri T. Concerning the origin of malignant tumours by Theodor Boveri. Translated and annotated by Henry Harris. Journal of Cell Science. 2008; 121(1): 1-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boveri T. Concerning the origin of malignant tumours by Theodor Boveri. Translated and annotated by Henry Harris. Journal of Cell Science. 2008; 121(1): 1-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fenech M. Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay Evolution into a More Comprehensive Method to Measure Chromosomal Instability. Genes. 2020; 11: 1203. doi:10.3390/genes11101203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fenech M. Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay Evolution into a More Comprehensive Method to Measure Chromosomal Instability. Genes. 2020; 11: 1203. doi:10.3390/genes11101203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmid W. The micronucleus test for cytogenetic analysis. In Chemical Mutagens. Springer, New York, NY, USA. 1976; 31-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmid W. The micronucleus test for cytogenetic analysis. In Chemical Mutagens. Springer, New York, NY, USA. 1976; 31-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Countryman P., Heddle J. The production of micronuclei from chromosome aberrations in irradiated cultures of human lymphocytes. Mutation research. 1976; 41: 321-331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Countryman P., Heddle J. The production of micronuclei from chromosome aberrations in irradiated cultures of human lymphocytes. Mutation research. 1976; 41: 321-331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye C.J., Sharpe Z., Alemara S., Mackenzie S., Liu G., Abdallah B., Horne S., Regan S., Heng H.H. Micronuclei and Genome Chaos: Changing the System Inheritance. Genes. 2019; 1: E 366. doi:10.3390/genes10050366.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ye C.J., Sharpe Z., Alemara S., Mackenzie S., Liu G., Abdallah B., Horne S., Regan S., Heng H.H. Micronuclei and Genome Chaos: Changing the System Inheritance. Genes. 2019; 1: E 366. doi:10.3390/genes10050366.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fenech M. Mechanisms by which genotoxins cause micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies. The micronucleus assay in toxicology. 2019; 8-23. DOI:10.1039/9781788013604-00008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fenech M. Mechanisms by which genotoxins cause micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies. The micronucleus assay in toxicology. 2019; 8-23. DOI:10.1039/9781788013604-00008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trigos A.S., Pearson R.B., Papenfuss A.T., Goode D.L. How the evolution of multicellularity set the stage for cancer. Br. J. Cancer. 2018; 118: 145-152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trigos A.S., Pearson R.B., Papenfuss A.T., Goode D.L. How the evolution of multicellularity set the stage for cancer. Br. J. Cancer. 2018; 118: 145-152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. Dhawan, M. Bajpayel. Genotoxicity Assesment. Methods and Protocols. 2019; 378. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4339-9646-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. Dhawan, M. Bajpayel. Genotoxicity Assesment. Methods and Protocols. 2019; 378. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4339-9646-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis A.K., Maney D.L. The use of glucocorticoid hormones or leucocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrates: What’s the difference? Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2018; 9: 1556-1568.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis A.K., Maney D.L. The use of glucocorticoid hormones or leucocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrates: What’s the difference? Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2018; 9: 1556-1568.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fenech M. The in vitro micronucleus technique. Mutation research. 2000; 455. 81-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00065-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fenech M. The in vitro micronucleus technique. Mutation research. 2000; 455. 81-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00065-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haschka M., Karbon G., Fava L., Villunger A. Perturbing mitosis for anti-cancer therapy: is cell death the only answer? EMBO Reproduction. 2018; 19: e45440.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haschka M., Karbon G., Fava L., Villunger A. Perturbing mitosis for anti-cancer therapy: is cell death the only answer? EMBO Reproduction. 2018; 19: e45440.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глазко Т.Т., Косовский Г.Ю., Глазко В.И. Биомаркеры геномной нестабильности у животных сельскохозяйственных видов. Известия ТСХА. 2013; 2: 139-147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glazko T.T., Kosovsky G.Yu., Glazko V.I. Biomarkers of genomic instability in agricultural animals. Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2013; 2: 139-147. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мальнева К.Е., Ячменева Л.А. Особенности строения микроядер буккального эпителия. Международный студенческий научный вестник. 2020; 2: 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malneva K.E., Yachmeneva L.A. Features of the structure of the micronuclei of the buccal epithelium. International Student Scientific Bulletin. 2020; 2: 5. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boller K., Schimid W. Chemical mutagenesis in mammals - Chinese hamster cells as an in vivo test system. Hematological finding after treatment with tenimon, Humangenetik. 1970; 11: 34-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boller K., Schimid W. Chemical mutagenesis in mammals - Chinese hamster cells as an in vivo test system. Hematological finding after treatment with tenimon, Humangenetik. 1970; 11: 34-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heddle J. A rapid in vivo test for chromosomal damage. Mutation research. 1973; 18: 187-190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heddle J. A rapid in vivo test for chromosomal damage. Mutation research. 1973; 18: 187-190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Водунон А.С., Пономарева Н.А., Абрамова З.И. Цитогенетические изменения в эритроцитах больных атопической бронхиальной астмой. Ученые записки Казанского государственного университета. 2008; 150(2): 101-105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vodunon A.S., Ponomareva N.A., Abramova Z.I. Cytogenetic changes in erythrocytes of patients with atopic bronchial asthma. Scientific notes of Kazan State University. 2008; 150(2): 101-105. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benvindo-Souza M., Borges R.E., Pacheco S.M., de Souza Santos L.R. Genotoxicological analyses of insectivorous bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in central Brazil: The oral epithelium as an indicator of environmental quality. Environmental Pollution. 2019a; 245: 504-509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benvindo-Souza M., Borges R.E., Pacheco S.M., de Souza Santos L.R. Genotoxicological analyses of insectivorous bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in central Brazil: The oral epithelium as an indicator of environmental quality. Environmental Pollution. 2019a; 245: 504-509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benvindo-Souz M., Borges R.E., Pacheco S.M., de Souza Santos L.R. Micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of bats at different trophic levels. Environmental toxicology. 2019b; 172: 120-127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benvindo-Souz M., Borges R.E., Pacheco S.M., de Souza Santos L.R. Micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of bats at different trophic levels. Environmental toxicology. 2019b; 172: 120-127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sula E., Aliko V., Pagano M., Faggio C. Digital light microscopy as a tool in toxicological evaluation of fish erythrocyte morphological abnormalities. Microscopy Research and Technique. 2020; 83: 362-369. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sula E., Aliko V., Pagano M., Faggio C. Digital light microscopy as a tool in toxicological evaluation of fish erythrocyte morphological abnormalities. Microscopy Research and Technique. 2020; 83: 362-369. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23422.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайдай Е.А., Дорофеева А.А., Крышень К.Л., Гайдай Д.С. Методические аспекты проведения ДНК-комет-теста в условиях in vivo в доклинических исследованиях. Лабораторные животные для научных исследований. 2020; 3. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2020-03-03.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gajdaj Е.А., Dorofeeva A.A., Kryshen K.L., Gajdaj D.S. Methodological aspects of DNA-comet assay in vivo in preclinical research. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2020; 3: 16–24. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2020-03-03 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минина В.И., Буслаев В.Ю. Микроядерный тест для оценки модификации генотоксического потенциала алкирующих агентов под действием фитохимических веществ. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2019; 6: 196-196. DOI 10.17513/spno.29381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minina V.I., Buslaev V.Yu. A micronucleus test to assess the modification of the genotoxic potential of alkating agents under the action of phytochemicals. Modern problems of science and education. 2019; 6: 196-196. DOI 10.17513/spno.29381. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зверева Д.Е. Использование микроядерного теста при оценке генотоксических свойств лекарственных веществ. Вестник совета молодых учёных и специалистов Челябинской области. 2019; 2(25): 10-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zvereva D.E. The use of the micronucleus test in assessing the genotoxic properties of medicinal substances. Bulletin of the council of young scientists and specialists of the Chelyabinsk region. 2019; 2(25): 10-20. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлева И.Н, Мусиенко Н.А., Дронов В.В., Майдан В.В, Бронникова А.М. Микроядерный тест на генотоксичность в птицеводстве. Проблемы сельскохозяйственного производства на современном этапе и пути их решения: мат. междунар. научно-производственной конференции. Белгород. 2012; 1: 139-141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovleva I.N., Musienko N.A., Dronov V.V., Maidan V.V., Bronnikova A.M. Micronuclear test for genotoxicity in poultry farming. Problems of agricultural production at the present stage and ways to solve them: Mat. intl. research and production conference. Belgorod. 2012; 1: 139-141. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan Y.W., West, S.C. A new class of ultrafine anaphase bridges generated by homologous recombination. Cell Cycle. 2018; 17: 2101- 2109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2018.1515555</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan Y.W., West, S.C. A new class of ultrafine anaphase bridges generated by homologous recombination. Cell Cycle. 2018; 17: 2101-2109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2018.1515555</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елькина М.А., Астафьева Е.Е., Карпушкина Т.В., Глазко Т.Т., Столповский Ю.А., Глазко В.И. Популяционно-генетическая дифференциация монгольских овец, крупного рогатого скота, яков в условиях хронического действия экологического стресса. Известия ТСХА. 2011; 2: 134-138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elkina M.A., Astafieva E.E., Karpushkina T.V., Glazko T.T., Stolpovsky Yu.A., Glazko V.I. Population-genetic differentiation of Mongolian sheep, cattle, yaks under conditions of chronic environmental stress. Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2011; 2: 134-138. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Романова Е.Б., Рябинина Е.С. Скрининговый цитогенетический метод учета микроядер в крови прудовых лягушек как индикатор состояния водных биологических ресурсов. Вестник Камчатского государственного технического университета. 2019; 49: 43-49. DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2019-49-43-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanova E.B., Ryabinina E.S. Screening cytogenetic method for counting micronuclei in the blood of pond frogs as an indicator of the state of aquatic biological resources. Bulletin of the Kamchatka State Technical University. 2019; 49: 43-49. DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2019-49-43-49. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подберезко С.А., Мельнов С.Б. Оценка уровня генотоксичности окружающей среды с помощью микроядерного теста на эритроцитах амфибий. Веснiк Палескага дзяржаунага унiверсiтэта. 2020; 2: 3-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podberezko S.A., Melnov S.B. Assessment of the level of environmental genotoxicity using a micronucleus test on amphibian erythrocytes. Bulletin of Рalesky state university. 2020; 2: 3-11. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бигалиев А.Б., Шалабаева К.З., Шимшиков Б.Е., Кобегенова С.С., Адилова Л.М., Кожахметова А.Н., Шарахметов С., Бурханова М.Н. Эколого-генетическая оценка последствий влияния радиации на загрязненных территориях. Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2020; 24(7): 794-801. DOI 10.18699/VJ20.675.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bigaliev A.B., Shalabaeva K.Z., Shimshikov B.E., Kobegenova S.S., Adilova L.M., Kozhakhmetova A.N., Sharakhmetov S., Burkhanova M.N. Ecological-genetic assessment of the consequences of the influence of radiation on contaminated territories. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2020; 24(7): 794-801. DOI 10.18699/VJ20.675. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смородинская С.В. Разработка метода оценки безопасности пищевых добавок методом микроядерного теста на эритроцитах Danio rerio. Товаровед продовольственных товаров. 2022; 6: 404-412. Doi: 10.33920/igt-01-2206-05.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smorodinskaya S.V. Development of a method for assessing the safety of food additives using a micronucleus test on Danio rerio erythrocytes. Food Products Commodity Expert. 2022; 6: 404-412. Doi: 10.33920/igt-01-2206-05. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semmes O., Majone F., Cantemir C., Turchetto L., Hjelle B., Jeang K. HTLV-I and HTLV-II Tax: differences in induction of micronuclei in cells and transcriptional activation of viral LTRs. Virology. 1996; 373-379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semmes O., Majone F., Cantemir C., Turchetto L., Hjelle B., Jeang K. HTLV-I and HTLV-II Tax: differences in induction of micronuclei in cells and transcriptional activation of viral LTRs. Virology. 1996; 373-379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Protection E. Frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus contamination in Altai region residents living near the Semipalatinsk atomic test ground. Probl. Radio Ecol. Environ. Prot. 2003; 172-176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Protection E. Frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus contamination in Altai region residents living near the Semipalatinsk atomic test ground. Probl. Radio Ecol. Environ. Prot. 2003; 172-176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leal-Garza C., Cerda-Flores R., Leal-Elizondo E., Cortes-Gutierrez E. Micronuclei in cervical smears and peripheral blood lymphocytes from women with and without cervical uterine cancer. Mutation research. 2002; 515: 57-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leal-Garza C., Cerda-Flores R., Leal-Elizondo E., Cortes-Gutierrez E. Micronuclei in cervical smears and peripheral blood lymphocytes from women with and without cervical uterine cancer. Mutation research. 2002; 515: 57-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cassel A., Barcellos R., Silva C., Almeida S., Rossetti M. Association between human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and micronuclei in normal cervical cytology. Genetics and Molecular Biology. 2014; 360-363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cassel A., Barcellos R., Silva C., Almeida S., Rossetti M. Association between human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and micronuclei in normal cervical cytology. Genetics and Molecular Biology. 2014; 360-363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duensing S., Munger K. The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 onco-proteins independently induce numerical and structural chromosome instability. Cancer Research. 2002; 62: 7075-7082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duensing S., Munger K. The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 onco-proteins independently induce numerical and structural chromosome instability. Cancer Research. 2002; 62: 7075-7082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крысанов Е.Ю., Орджоникидзе К.Г. Некоторые аспекты цитогенетического мониторинга. Жизнь Земли: междисциплинарный научнопрактический журнал. 2018; 40(4): 403-407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krysanov E.Yu., Ordzhonikidze K.G. Some aspects of cytogenetic monitoring. The Life of the Earth: interdisciplinary scientific and practical journal. 2018; 40(4): 403-407. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зуб А.В., Загребин В.Л., Дворяшина И.А., Терентьев А.В. Возможность использования биологической модели пресноводной рыбы данио рерио в доклинических исследованиях. Вестник Волгоградского государственного медицинского университета. 2020; 1(73): 10-13. DOI 10.19163/1994-9480-2020-1(73)-10-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zub A.V., Zagrebin V.L., Dvoryashina I.A., Terentiev A.V. The possibility of using a biological model of freshwater zebrafish in preclinical studies. Bulletin of the Volgograd State Medical University. 2020; 1(73): 10-13. DOI 10.19163/1994-9480-2020-1(73)-10-13. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
