vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-367-2-54-63vetpress-2495Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯZOOTECHNICS AND VETERINARY MEDICINEИдентификация капсульного типа штаммов P. multocida фенотипическими методами в сравнении с методом мультиплексной ПЦРIdentification of the capsule type of P. multocida strains by phenotypic methods in comparison with the multiplex PCR-methodМаликН. И.MalikN. I.

Нина Ивановна Малик, доктор биологических наук, профессор

Звенигородское шоссе 5, Москва, 123022

Nina Ivanovna Malik, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor

5, Zvenigorodskoye shosse, Moscow, 123022

nimalik@vgnki.ruМаленковаЛ. А.MalenkovaL. A.

Лия Андреевна Маленкова, научный сотрудник

Звенигородское шоссе 5, Москва, 123022

Liya Andreevna Malenkova, Researcher

5, Zvenigorodskoye shosse, Moscow, 123022

malenkova@vgnki.ruМаликЕ. В.MalikE. V.

Евгений Васильевич Малик, кандидат ветеринарных наук

Звенигородское шоссе 5, Москва, 123022

Evgeny Vasilevich Malik, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences

5, Zvenigorodskoye shosse, Moscow, 123022

evmalik@vgnki.ruГулейчикИ. А.GuleychikI. A.

Ирина Александровна Гулейчик, кандидат биологических наук

Звенигородское шоссе 5, Москва, 123022

Irina Aleksandrovna Guleychik, Candidate of Biological Sciences

5, Zvenigorodskoye shosse, Moscow, 123022

i.guleichyk@vgnki.ruЧупахинаН. А.ChupahinaN. A.

Наталия Александровна Чупахина, кандидат биологических наук

Звенигородское шоссе 5, Москва, 123022

Nataliia Aleksandrovna Chupahina, Candidate of Biological Sciences

5, Zvenigorodskoye shosse, Moscow, 123022

n.chupahina@vgnki.ruРусановИ. А.RusanovI. A.

Иван Анатольевич Русанов, кандидат ветеринарных наук

Звенигородское шоссе 5, Москва, 123022

Ivan Anatolevich Rusanov, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences

5, Zvenigorodskoye shosse, Moscow, 123022

rusanov@vgnki.ruСамохваловаН. С.SamohvalovaN. S.

Надежда Сергеевна Самохвалова, научный сотрудник

Звенигородское шоссе 5, Москва, 123022

Nadezda Sergeevna Samokhvalova, Researcher

5, Zvenigorodskoye shosse, Moscow, 123022

n.samokhvalova@vgnki.ruВсероссийский государственный центр качества и стандартизации лекарственных средств для животных и кормовРоссияThe Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and QualityRussian Federation202304032023025463Copyright © Малик Н.И., Маленкова Л.А., Малик Е.В., Гулейчик И.А., Чупахина Н.А., Русанов И.А., Самохвалова Н.С., 20232023Малик Н.И., Маленкова Л.А., Малик Е.В., Гулейчик И.А., Чупахина Н.А., Русанов И.А., Самохвалова Н.С.Malik N.I., Malenkova L.A., Malik E.V., Guleychik I.A., Chupahina N.A., Rusanov I.A., Samohvalova N.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2495Актуальность

Актуальность. Пастереллез (pasteurellosis) – группа зоонозных инфекционных болезней, вызываемых Pasteurella multocida. По антигенному составу P. multocida разделена на пять серогрупп (A, B, D, F и Е). Патогенные и вирулентные свойства различных серогрупп и серотипов возбудителя у различных видов животных колеблются в широких пределах и являются маркером для определения их роли в развитии болезни. Типирование штаммов P. multocida по капсульным группам является важным условием для комплексной оценки эпизоотической ситуации, в том числе для решения вопроса о специфической профилактике болезни.

Методы

Методы. В работе использовали 82 штамма P. multocida из коллекции ФГБУ «ВГНКИ», выделенных в разные годы от различных животных. Фенотипическое типирование штаммов пастерелл по капсульным группам по Картеру проводили в тесте на выявление гиалуроновой кислоты в капсуле пастерелл и по типу реакции в трипафлавиновой пробе. Штаммы, дающие положительную реакцию с гиалуронидазой стафилококка, относили к капсульной группе А. Если испытуемая культура не относилась к группе А, но была положительной при исследовании в трипафлавиновой пробе, ее относили к капсульной группе D.

Результаты

Результаты. Установлены несовпадения результатов фенотипического типирования штаммов пастерелл по капсульным группам и методом ПЦР. Не совпали результаты типирования между ПЦР и типированием по Картеру по капсульной группе А в отношении 25 штаммов, по капсульной группе D в отношении 5 штаммов и по капсульной группе В в отношении 5 штаммов. Количество нетипируемых или сомнительных по фенотипическим свойствам штаммов пастерелл составило 29,73%, нетипируемых методом ПЦР – 2,46%. Гиалуронидазный и акрифлавиновые тесты, в отличие от метода ПЦР, не дают возможности для типирования пастерелл групп E и F.

Relevance

Relevance. Pasteurellosis is a group of zoonotic infectious diseases caused by Pasteurella multocida. According to the antigenic composition, P. multocida is divided into 5 serogroups (A, B, D, F and E). Pathogenic and virulent properties of various serogroups and serotypes of the pathogen in different animal species vary widely and are a marker for determining their role in the development of the disease. Typing of P. multocida strains by capsule groups is an important condition for a comprehensive assessment of the epizootic situation, including for solving the issue of specific disease prevention.

Methods

Methods. 82 strains of P. multocida from the collection of FGBI «VGNKI», isolated in different years from various animals, were used in the work. Phenotypic typing of pasteurella strains by capsule groups according to Carter was carried out in a test for the detection of hyaluronic acid in a pasteurella capsule and by the type of reaction in a tripaflavin sample. Strains giving a positive reaction with staphylococcus hyaluronidase wereassigned to capsule group A. If the test culture did not belong to group A, but was positive when examined in a tripaflavin sample, it was assigned to capsule group D.

Results

Results. Discrepancies between the results of phenotypic typing of pasteurella strains by capsule groups and by PCR were established. The results of typing did not coincide between PCR and Carter typing for capsule group A with respect to 25 strains, for capsule group D with respect to 5 strains and for capsule group B with respect to 5 strains. The number of untyped or doubtful phenotypic properties of pasteurella strains was 29.73%, untyped by PCR 2.46%. Hyaluronidase and acriflavin tests, unlike the PCR-method, do not provide an opportunity for typing pasteurella groups E and F.

пастереллезP. multocidaкапсульные группыфенотипическое типированиемультиплексная ПЦРрasteurellosisP. multocidacapsule groupsphenotypic typingmultiplex PCRReferencesДушук Р.В. Респираторные болезни свиней. Москва: Колос. 1982; 242–250.Dushuk R.V. Respiratory diseases of pigs. Moscow: Kolos. 1982; 242–250 (In Russian).Панин А.Н., Душук Р.В. Пастереллез животных. Ветеринария. 2012; 6: 3–8.Panin A.N., Dushuk R.V. Pasteurellosis of animals. Veterinary medicine. 2012; 6: 3–8 (In Russian).Wilkie I., Harper M., Boyce J., Adler B. Pasteurella multocida: diseases and pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012; 361: 1–22. doi:10.1007/82-2012-216Wilkie I., Harper M., Boyce J., Adler B. Pasteurella multocida: diseases and pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012; 361: 1–22. doi:10.1007/82-2012-216Glisson J.R., Saif Y.M., Fadly A.M., McDougald L.R., Nolan L.K., Swayne D.E. Diseases of Poultry. Wiley–Blackwell 12th edition. 2008; 1352: 739–758.ISBN 978-0813807188Glisson J.R., Saif Y.M., Fadly A.M., McDougald L.R., Nolan L.K., Swayne D.E. Diseases of Poultry. Wiley–Blackwell 12th edition. 2008; 1352: 739–758.ISBN 978-0813807188Harper M., Boyce J.D., Adler B. Pasteurella multocida pathogenesis: 125 years after Pasteur. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2006; 265(1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00442.xHarper M., Boyce J.D., Adler B. Pasteurella multocida pathogenesis: 125 years after Pasteur. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2006; 265(1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00442.xКолосов A.A. Пастереллезы животных, принципы контроля их эпизоотических процессов. РАСХН. ГНУ ИЭВСиДВ. 2007; 206. eLIBRARY ID: 19511423. EDN: QKZENLKolosov A.A. Pasteurellosis of animals, principles of control of their epizootic processes. RASKHN. GNU IEVSiDV. 2007; 206 (In Russian). eLIBRARY ID: 19511423. EDN: QKZENLArashima Y., Kumasaka K. Pasteurellosis as zoonosis. Intern Med. 2005; 44(7): 692–693. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.44.692Arashima Y., Kumasaka K. Pasteurellosis as zoonosis. Intern Med. 2005; 44(7): 692–693. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.44.692OIE. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. World Organization for Animal Health. 2021; 1343. https://www.oie.int/en/what-we-do/standards/codes-and-manuals/terrestrial-manual-online-accessOIE. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. World Organization for Animal Health. 2021; 1343. https://www.oie.int/en/what-we-do/standards/codes-and-manuals/terrestrial-manual-online-accessBiberstein E.L, Hirsh D.C. Pasteurella. Veterinary Microbiology. 1999; 135.Biberstein E.L, Hirsh D.C. Pasteurella. Veterinary Microbiology. 1999; 135.Орынбаев М., Султанкулова К., Сансызбай А., Рыстаева Р., Шораева К., Намет А. Биологическая характеристика Pasteurella multocida, присутствующей в популяции сайгака. БМС Микробиол. 2019; 19(1): 37. doi:10.1186/s12866-019-407-9Orynbayev M., Sultankulova K., Sansyzbai A., Rysaeva R., Shoraeva K., Namet A. Bio-logical characteristics of Pasteurella multocida present in the saiga population. BMS Microbiol. 2019; 19(1): 37 (In Russian). doi:10.1186/s12866-019-407-9Baalsrud K.J. Atrophic rhinitis in goats in Norway. Vet Rec. 1987; 121(15): 350–353. doi:10.1136/vr.121.15.350Baalsrud K.J. Atrophic rhinitis in goats in Norway. Vet Rec. 1987; 121(15): 350–353. doi:10.1136/vr.121.15.350Джупина С.И., Колосов А.А. Особенности эпизоотологии, клинического проявления и диагностики пастереллеза сельскохозяйственных животных в Новосибирской области. 1984; 15–22.Dzhupina S.I., Kolosov A.A. Features of epizootology, clinical manifestation and diagnosis of pasteurellosis of agricultural animals in the Novosibirsk region. 1984; 15–22 (In Russian).Шегидевич Э.А. Роль пастерелл в респираторной патологии овец и крупного рогатого скота Автореферат диссертации д-ра вет. наук. 1993; 52.Shegidevich E.A. The role of pasteurella in respiratory pathology of sheep and cattle. Dissertation abstract of Doctor of Veterinary Sciences. 1993; 52 (In Russian).Liu H., Zhao Z., Xi X., Xue Q., Long T., Xue Y. Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida among pigs with respiratory disease in China between 2011 and 2015. Ir Vet J. 2017; 70: 2. doi:10.1186/s13620-016-0080-7Liu H., Zhao Z., Xi X., Xue Q., Long T., Xue Y. Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida among pigs with respiratory disease in China between 2011 and 2015. Ir Vet J. 2017; 70: 2. doi:10.1186/s13620-016-0080-7Ewers C., Lübke-Becker A., Bethe A., Kiebling S., Filter M., Wieler L.H. Virulence genotype of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from different hosts with various disease status. Vet Microbiol. 2006; 114(3-4): 304–317. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.12.012Ewers C., Lübke-Becker A., Bethe A., Kiebling S., Filter M., Wieler L.H. Virulence genotype of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from different hosts with various disease status. Vet Microbiol. 2006; 114(3-4): 304–317. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.12.012Ewers C., Lübke-Becker A., Wieler L.H. Pasteurella: insights into the virulence determinants of a heterogenous bacterial type. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2004; 117(9-10): 367–386. PMID: 15495927Ewers C., Lübke-Becker A., Wieler L.H. Pasteurella: insights into the virulence deter-minants of a heterogenous bacterial type. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2004; 117(9-10): 367–386. PMID: 15495927Лях Ю.Г., Крот Л.А. Патологоанатомическая картина при пастереллезе, вызванном Pasterella multocida сероваров А и D. Ученые записки. Витебская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины. 2006; 42(2-2): 145–147.Lyakh Yu.G., Mole L.A. Pathoanatomic picture in pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida serovar A and D. Scientific notes. Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 2006; 42(2-2): 145–147 (In Russian).Boyce J.D., Adler B. The capsule is a virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida M1404 (B:2). Infection and Immunity. 2000; 68: 3463–3468. doi:10.1128/IAI.68.6.3463-3468.2000Boyce J.D., Adler B. The capsule is a virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida M1404 (B:2). Infection and Immunity. 2000; 68: 3463–3468. doi:10.1128/IAI.68.6.3463-3468.2000Ochi Y. Studies on hemorrhagic septicemia organisms, especially on their variability. 4 Reports. J. Jap. Soc. Vet. Sci. I–III: 1931; 1: 331–366; IV; 1933; 1: 47–52; V: 1933; 1: 185–199.Ochi Y. Studies on hemorrhagic septicemia organisms, especially on their variability. 4 Reports. J. Jap. Soc. Vet. Sci. I–III: 1931; 1: 331–366; IV; 1933; 1: 47–52; V: 1933; 1: 185–199.Carter G.R. The type specific capsular antigen of Pasteurella multocida. Canadian Journal of Medical Sciences. 1952; 30(1): 48–53. doi:10.1139/cjms52-008Carter G.R. The type specific capsular antigen of Pasteurella multocida. Canadian Journal of Medical Sciences. 1952; 30(1): 48–53. doi:10.1139/cjms52-008Carter G.R. Studies on Pasteurella multocida I.A haemagglutination test for the identification of serological types. Am J. Vet Res. 1955; 16: 481–484. PMID:13238757Carter G.R. Studies on Pasteurella multocida I.A haemagglutination test for the identification of serological types. Am J. Vet Res. 1955; 16: 481–484. PMID:13238757Carter G.R., Annau E. Isolation of capsular polysaccharides from colonial variants of Pasteurella multocida. Am J. Vet Res. 1953; 14: 475–478. PMID:13065665Carter G.R., Annau E. Isolation of capsular polysaccharides from colonial variants of Pasteurella multocida. Am J. Vet Res. 1953; 14: 475–478. PMID:13065665Carter G.R. Some characteristics of type A strains of Pasteurella multocida. Brit Vet J. 1958; 114: 356, 357.Carter G.R. Some characteristics of type A strains of Pasteurella multocida. Brit Vet J. 1958; 114: 356, 357.Carter G.R., Rundell S.W. Identification of type A strains of Pasteurella multocida using staphylococcal hyaluronidase. Veterinary Records. 1975; 96: 343. doi:10.1136/vr.96.15.343Carter G.R., Rundell S.W. Identification of type A strains of Pasteurella multocida using staphylococcal hyaluronidase. Veterinary Records. 1975; 96: 343. doi:10.1136/vr.96.15.343Pandit K.K., Smith J.E. Capsular hyaluronic acid in Pasteurella multocida type A and its counterpart in type D. Res Vet Sci. 1993; 1: 20–24. doi:10.1016/0034-5288(93)90005-zPandit K.K., Smith J.E. Capsular hyaluronic acid in Pasteurella multocida type A and its counterpart in type D. Res Vet Sci. 1993; 1: 20–24. doi:10.1016/0034-5288(93)90005-zCarter G.R., Subronto P. Identification of type D strains of Pasteurella multocida using acriflavine. Am J. Vet Res. 1973; 34: 293–295. PMID:4685553Carter G.R., Subronto P. Identification of type D strains of Pasteurella multocida using acriflavine. Am J. Vet Res. 1973; 34: 293–295. PMID:4685553Watt J.M., Swiatlo E., Wade M.M., Champlin F.R. Regulation of capsule biosynthesis in serotype A strains of Pasteurella multocida. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003; 225: 9–14. eLIBRARY ID: 4702436 doi: 10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00437-3Watt J.M., Swiatlo E., Wade M.M., Champlin F.R. Regulation of capsule biosynthesis in serotype A strains of Pasteurella multocida. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003; 225: 9–14. eLIBRARY ID: 4702436 doi: 10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00437-3DeAngelis P.L., Gunay N.S., Toida T., Mao W.J., Linhardt R.J. Identification of the capsular polysaccharides of type D and F Pasteurella multocida as unmodified heparin and chondroitin, respectively. Carbohydr Res. 2002; 337(17): 1547–1552. doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00219-7DeAngelis P.L., Gunay N.S., Toida T., Mao W.J., Linhardt R.J. Identification of the capsular polysaccharides of type D and F Pasteurella multocida as unmodified heparin and chondroitin, respectively. Carbohydr Res. 2002; 337(17): 1547–1552. doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00219-7Boyce J.D., Chung J.Y., Adler B. Pasteurella multocida capsule: composition, function and genetics. J. Biotechnol. 2000; 83(1-2): 153–160. doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(00)00309-6Boyce J.D., Chung J.Y., Adler B. Pasteurella multocida capsule: composition, function and genetics. J. Biotechnol. 2000; 83(1-2): 153–160. doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(00)00309-6Chung J.Y., Wilkie I., Boyce J.D., Townsend K.M., Frost A.J. Role of capsule in the pathogenesis of fowl cholera caused by Pasteurella multocida serogroup A. Infect Immun. 2001; 69: 2487–2492. doi:10.1128/IAI.69.4.2487-2492.2001Chung J.Y., Wilkie I., Boyce J.D., Townsend K.M., Frost A.J. Role of capsule in the pathogenesis of fowl cholera caused by Pasteurella multocida serogroup A. Infect Immun. 2001; 69: 2487–2492. doi:10.1128/IAI.69.4.2487-2492.2001Hotchkiss E.J., Hodgson J.C., Lainson F.A., Zadoks R.N. Multilocus sequence typing of a global collection of Pasteurella multocida isolates from cattle and other host species demonstrates niche association. BMC Microbiol. 2011; 11: 115. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-115Hotchkiss E.J., Hodgson J.C., Lainson F.A., Zadoks R.N. Multilocus sequence typing of a global collection of Pasteurella multocida isolates from cattle and other host species demonstrates niche association. BMC Microbiol. 2011; 11: 115. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-115Shivachandra S.B., Viswas K.N., Kumar A.A. A review of hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo. Anim Heal Res Rev. 2011; 12: 67–82. doi:10.1017/S146625231100003XShivachandra S.B., Viswas K.N., Kumar A.A. A review of hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo. Anim Heal Res Rev. 2011; 12: 67–82. doi:10.1017/S146625231100003XBreen D., Schonell M., Au T., Reiss-Levy E. Pasteurella multocida: a case report of bacteremic pneumonia and 10-year laboratory review. Pathology. 2000; 32(2): 152, 153. https://doi.org/10.1080/003130200104448Breen D., Schonell M., Au T., Reiss-Levy E. Pasteurella multocida: a case report of bacteremic pneumonia and 10-year laboratory review. Pathology. 2000; 32(2): 152, 153. https://doi.org/10.1080/003130200104448De Alwis M.C. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, ACIAR Monograph No. 57. Australian Center for International Agricultural Research: Canberra, Australia. 1999.De Alwis M.C. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, ACIAR Monograph No. 57. Australian Center for International Agricultural Research: Canberra, Australia. 1999.Kabeta T., Fikadu T., Zenebe T., Kebede G. Review on the Pneumonic Pasteurellosis of Cattle. Acad. J. Anim. Dis. 2015; 4(3): 177–184. doi:10.5829/idosi.ajad.2015.4.3.9674Kabeta T., Fikadu T., Zenebe T., Kebede G. Review on the Pneumonic Pasteurellosis of Cattle. Acad. J. Anim. Dis. 2015; 4(3): 177–184. doi:10.5829/idosi.ajad.2015.4.3.9674Kumar A.A., Shivachandra S.B., Biswas A., Singh V.P., Srivastava S.K. Prevalent serotypes of Pasteurella multocida isolated from different animal and avian species in India. Veterinary Research Communications. 2004; 28: 657–667. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VERC.0000045959.36513.e9Kumar A.A., Shivachandra S.B., Biswas A., Singh V.P., Srivastava S.K. Prevalent serotypes of Pasteurella multocida isolated from different animal and avian species in India. Veterinary Research Communications. 2004; 28: 657–667. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VERC.0000045959.36513.e9Dabo S.M., Taylor J.D., Confer A.W. Pasteurella multocida and bovine respiratory disease. Anim Health Res Rev. 2007; 8(2): 129–150. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252307001399Dabo S.M., Taylor J.D., Confer A.W. Pasteurella multocida and bovine respiratory disease. Anim Health Res Rev. 2007; 8(2): 129–150. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252307001399Blanco-Viera F.J., Trigo F.J., Jaramillo-Meza L., Aguilar-Romero F. Serotypes of Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from pneumonic lesions in cattle and sheep from México. Rev Latinoam Microbiol. 1995; 37: 121–126.Blanco-Viera F.J., Trigo F.J., Jaramillo-Meza L., Aguilar-Romero F. Serotypes of Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from pneumonic lesions in cattle and sheep from México. Rev Latinoam Microbiol. 1995; 37: 121–126.Heddieston K.L., Gallagher J.E., Rebers P.A. Fowl cholera: Gel diffusion precipitin test for sero-typing Pasteurella multocida from avian species. Avian Diseases. 1972; 16: 925–936.Heddieston K.L., Gallagher J.E., Rebers P.A. Fowl cholera: Gel diffusion precipitin test for sero-typing Pasteurella multocida from avian species. Avian Diseases. 1972; 16: 925–936.Christensen J.P., Bisgaard M. Fowl cholera. Rev Sci Tech. 2000; 19(2): 626–637.Christensen J.P., Bisgaard M. Fowl cholera. Rev Sci Tech. 2000; 19(2): 626–637.Davies R.L., MacCorquodale R., Caffrey B. Diversity of avian Pasteurella multocida strains based on capsular PCR typing and variation of the OmpA and OmpH outer membrane proteins. Vet Microbiol. 2003; 91(2-3): 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00300-0Davies R.L., MacCorquodale R., Caffrey B. Diversity of avian Pasteurella multocida strains based on capsular PCR typing and variation of the OmpA and OmpH outer membrane proteins. Vet Microbiol. 2003; 91(2-3): 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00300-0Rhoades K.R., Rimler R.B. Capsular Groups of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Avian Hosts. Avian Diseases. 1987; 31(4): 895–898.Rhoades K.R., Rimler R.B. Capsular Groups of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Avian Hosts. Avian Diseases. 1987; 31(4): 895–898.Ross R.F. Pasteurella multocida and its role in porcine pneumonia. Anim Health Res Rev. 2006; 7(1-2): 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252307001211Ross R.F. Pasteurella multocida and its role in porcine pneumonia. Anim Health Res Rev. 2006; 7(1-2): 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252307001211Притулин П.И. Инфекционный атрофический ринит. Болезни свиней. Москва: Колос. 1970; 50.Pritulin P.I. Infectious atrophic rhinitis. Pig diseases. Moscow: Kolos. 1970; 50 (In Russian).Sakano T., Taneda A., Okada M., Ono M., Hayashi Y., Sato S. Toxigenic type A Pasteurella multocida as a causative agent of nasal turbinate atrophy in swine. J. Vet Med Sci. 1992; 54: 403–407. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.54.403Sakano T., Taneda A., Okada M., Ono M., Hayashi Y., Sato S. Toxigenic type A Pasteurella multocida as a causative agent of nasal turbinate atrophy in swine. J. Vet Med Sci. 1992; 54: 403–407. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.54.403Pors S.E., Hansen M.S., Bisgaard M., Jensen H.E. Occurrence and associated lesions of Pasteurella multocida in porcine bronchopneumonia. Vet. Microbiol. 2011; 150: 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.01.005Pors S.E., Hansen M.S., Bisgaard M., Jensen H.E. Occurrence and associated lesions of Pasteurella multocida in porcine bronchopneumonia. Vet. Microbiol. 2011; 150: 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.01.005Davies R.L., MacCorquodale R., Baillie S., Caffrey B. Characterization and comparison of Pasteurella multocida strains associated with porcine pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis. J. Med Microbiol. 2003; 52(1): 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05019-0Davies R.L., MacCorquodale R., Baillie S., Caffrey B. Characterization and comparison of Pasteurella multocida strains asso-ciated with porcine pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis. J. Med Microbiol. 2003; 52(1): 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05019-0Bethe A., Wieler L.H., Selbitz H.J., Ewers C. Genetic diversity of porcine Pasteurella multocida strains from the respiratory tract of healthy and diseased swine. Vet. Microbiol. 2009; 139: 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.04.027Bethe A., Wieler L.H., Selbitz H.J., Ewers C. Genetic diversity of porcine Pasteurella multocida strains from the respiratory tract of healthy and diseased swine. Vet. Microbiol. 2009; 139: 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.04.027Blackall P.J., Pahoff J.L., Bowles R. Phenotypic characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Australian pigs. Vet. Microbiol. 1997; 57: 355–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00111-9Blackall P.J., Pahoff J.L., Bowles R. Phenotypic characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Australian pigs. Vet. Micro-biol. 1997; 57: 355–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00111-9Kim J., Kim J.W., Oh SI. et al. Characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolates from pigs with pneumonia in Korea. BMC Vet Res. 2019; 15: 119. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1861-5Kim J., Kim J.W., Oh SI. et al. Characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolates from pigs with pneumonia in Korea. BMC Vet Res. 2019; 15: 119. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1861-5Varga Z., Sellyei B., Magyar T. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs in Hungary. Acta Vet. Hung. 2007; 55: 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1556/avet.55.2007.4.2Varga Z., Sellyei B., Magyar T. Phenotypic and genotypic char-acterisation of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs in Hungary. Acta Vet. Hung. 2007; 55: 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1556/avet.55.2007.4.2Peng Z., Wang H., Liang W., Chen Y., Tang X., Chen H. et al. A casule/lipopolysaccharide/MLST genotype D/L6/ST11 of Pasteurella multocida is likely to be strongly associated with swine respiratory disease in China. Arch. Microbiol. 2018; 200: 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-017-1421-yPeng Z., Wang H., Liang W., Chen Y., Tang X., Chen H. et al. A ca-sule/lipopolysaccharide/MLST genotype D/L6/ST11 of Pas-teurella multocida is likely to be strongly associated with swine respiratory disease in China. Arch. Microbiol. 2018; 200: 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-017-1421-yTang X., Zhao Z., Hu J., Wu B., Cai X., He Q. et al. Isolation, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of Pasteurella multocida strains from swine in China. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009; 47: 951–958. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02029-08Tang X., Zhao Z., Hu J., Wu B., Cai X., He Q. et al. Isolation, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of Pasteurella multocida strains from swine in China. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009; 47: 951–958. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02029-08Liu H., Zhao Z., Xi X., Xue Q., Long T., Xue Y. Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida among pigs with respiratory disease in China between 2011 and 2015. Ir. Vet. J. 2017; 70: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-016-0080-7Liu H., Zhao Z., Xi X., Xue Q., Long T., Xue Y. Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida among pigs with respiratory disease in China between 2011 and 2015. Ir. Vet. J. 2017; 70: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-016-0080-7Prudnikov V.S., Dolzhenkov V.A. Rhinitis of pigs (distribution, pathomorphology, diagnostics). Scientific notes of the UO VGAVM. 2017; 53(3): 71–74. https://repo.vsavm.by/handle/123456789/2332Prudnikov V.S., Dolzhenkov V.A. Rhinitis of pigs (distribution, pathomorphology, diagnostics). Scientific notes of the UO VGAVM. 2017; 53(3): 71–74. https://repo.vsavm.by/handle/123456789/2332Chengappa M.M., Myers R.C., Carter G.R. Capsular and somatic types of Pasteurella multocida from rabbits. Can J. Comp Med. 1982; 46(4): 437–439. PMID:6816462; PMC1320313Chengappa M.M., Myers R.C., Carter G.R. Capsular and somatic types of Pasteurella multocida from rabbits. Can J. Comp Med. 1982; 46(4): 437–439. PMID:6816462; PMC1320313Lu Y.S., Pakes S.P., Stefanu C. Capsular and somatic serotypes of Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from healthy and diseased rabbits in Texas. J. Clin Microbiol. 1983; 18(2): 292–295. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.18.2.292-295.1983Lu Y.S., Pakes S.P., Stefanu C. Capsular and somatic serotypes of Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from healthy and dis-eased rabbits in Texas. J. Clin Microbiol. 1983; 18(2): 292–295. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.18.2.292-295.1983Jaqlic Z., Kucerova Z., Nedbalcova K., Hlozek P., Bartos M. Identification of Pasteurella multocida serogroup F isolates in rabbits. J. Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2004; 51: 467–469. PubMed https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00807Jaqlic Z., Kucerova Z., Ned-balcova K., Hlozek P., Bartos M. Identification of Pasteurella multocida serogroup F isolates in rabbits. J. Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2004; 51: 467–469. PubMed https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00807Catry B., Chiers K., Schwarz S., Kehrenberg C. Fatal peritonitis caused by Pasteurella multocida capsular type F in calves. J. Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43(3): 1480–1483. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-26Catry B., Chiers K., Schwarz S., Kehrenberg C. Fatal peritonitis caused by Pasteurella multocida capsular type F in calves. J. Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43(3): 1480–1483. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-26Методические указания по лабораторной диагностике пастереллезов животных и птиц (утв. 20.08.1992 № 22-7/82 Главным управлением ветеринарии МСХ РФ). Режим доступа: http://www.garant.ru/Guidelines for laboratory diagnostics of pasteurellosis of animals and birds (approved 20.08.1992 No. 22-7/82 by the Main Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation) (In Russian). Available from: http://www.garant.ru/May B.J., Zhang Q., Li L.L., Paustian M.L., Whittam T.S., Kapur V. Complete genomic sequence of Pasteurella multocida, Pm70. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2001; 98: 3460–3465. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.051634598May B.J., Zhang Q., Li L.L., Paustian M.L., Whittam T.S., Kapur V. Complete genomic sequence of Pasteurella multocida, Pm70. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2001; 98: 3460–3465. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.051634598Wilson B.A., Hо M. Pasteurella multocida: from zoonosis to celular microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013; 26: 631–655. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00024-13Wilson B.A., Hо M. Pasteurella multocida: from zoonosis to celular microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013; 26: 631–655. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00024-13Gautam R., Kumar A.A., Singh V.P., Singh V.P., Dutta T.K., Shivachandra S.B. Specific identification of Pasteurella multocida serogroup A isolates by PCR assay. Res Vet Sci. 2004; 76: 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.10.005Gautam R., Kumar A.A., Singh V.P., Singh V.P., Dutta T.K., Shivachandra S.B. Specific identification of Pasteurella multocida serogroup A isolates by PCR assay. Res Vet Sci. 2004; 76: 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.10.005Townsend K.M., Frost A.J., Lee C.W., Papadimitriou J.M., Dawkins H.J. Development of PCR assays for species- and type-specific identification of Pasteurella multocida isolates. J. Clin Microbiol. 1998; 36: 1096–1100. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.36.4.1096-1100.1998Townsend K.M., Frost A.J., Lee C.W., Papadimitriou J.M., Dawkins H.J. Development of PCR assays for species- and type-specific identification of Pasteurella multocida isolates. J. Clin Microbiol. 1998; 36: 1096–1100. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.36.4.1096-1100.1998Arumugam N.D., Ajam N., Blackall P.J., Asiah N.M., Ramlan M., Maria J., Yuslan S., Thong K.L. Capsular serotyping of Pasteurella multocida from various animal hosts – a comparison of phenotypic and genotypic methods. Trop Biomed. 2011; 28: 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x160231-36Arumugam N.D., Ajam N., Blackall P.J., Asiah N.M., Ramlan M., Maria J., Yuslan S., Thong K.L. Capsular serotyping of Pasteurella multocida from various animal hosts – a com-parison of phenotypic and genotypic methods. Trop Biomed. 2011; 28: 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x160231-36Furian T.Q., Borges K.A., Pilatti R.M., Almeida C., do Nascimento V.P., Salle C.T.P., de S. Moraes H.L. Identification of the capsule type of Pasteurella multocida isolates from cases of fowl cholera by multiplex PCR and comparison with phenotypic methods. Braz. J. Poultry Sci. 2014; 16(2): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x160231-36Furian T.Q., Borges K.A., Pilatti R.M., Almeida C., do Nascimento V.P., Salle C.T.P., de S. Moraes H.L. Identification of the capsule type of Pasteurella multocida isolates from cases of fowl cholera by multiplex PCR and comparison with phenotypic methods. Braz. J. Poultry Sci. 2014; 16(2): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x160231-36Brogden K.A., Packer R.A. Comparison of Pasteurella multocida serotyping systems. Am J. Vet Res. 1979; 40(9): 1332–1335. PMID:118694Brogden K.A., Packer R.A. Comparison of Pasteurella multocida serotyping systems. Am J. Vet Res. 1979; 40(9): 1332–1335. PMID:118694

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.