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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2023-375-10-24-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-2809</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOTECHNICS AND VETERINARY MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трехмерная рентгеновская микротомография сердца куриного эмбриона в раннем периоде эмбриогенеза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Three-dimensional X-ray microtomography of the heart of a chick embryo in the early period of embryogenesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2632-8923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ржепаковский</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rzhepakovsky</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Владимирович Ржепаковский, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, Медико-биологический факультет</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 1, Ставрополь, 355017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor Vladimirovich Rzhepakovsky, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Faculty of Medicine and Biology</p><p>1 Pushkin Str., Stavropol, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irzhepakovskii@ncfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-880X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимченко</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timchenko</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Дмитриевна Тимченко, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, Медико-биологический факультет</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 1, Ставрополь, 355017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila Dmitrievna Timchenko, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Chief Scientific Officer, Faculty of Medicine and Biology</p><p>1 Pushkin Str., Stavropol, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ltimchenko@ncfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-5486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писков</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piskov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Иванович Писков, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, Медико-биологический факультет</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 1, Ставрополь, 355017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Ivanovich Piskov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Faculty of Medicine and Biology</p><p>1 Pushkin Str., Stavropol, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spiskov@ncfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3536-1247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аванесян</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avanesyan</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Суреновна Аванесян, научный сотрудник, Медико-биологический факультет</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 1, Ставрополь, 355017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Surenovna Avanesyan, Research Associate, Faculty of Medicine and Biology </p><p>1 Pushkin Str., Stavropol, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savanesian@ncfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-7112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизоненко</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizonenko</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Николаевна Сизоненко, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник, Медико-биологический факультет</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 1, Ставрополь, 355017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina Nikolaevna Sizonenko, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Research Associate, Faculty of Medicine and Biology</p><p>1 Pushkin Str., Stavropol, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msizonenko@ncfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-7233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахбанов</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhbanov</surname><given-names>M. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магомед Шамилович Шахбанов, ассистент кафедры зоологии и паразитологии, Медико-биологический факультет</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 1, Ставрополь, 355017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magomed Shamilovich Shakhbanov, Assistant of the Department of Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology</p><p>1 Pushkin Str., Stavropol, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mshakhbanov@ncfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-2821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагдалян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagdalian</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Ашотович Нагдалян, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, НИЛ пищевой и промышленной биотехнологии, факультет пищевой инженерии и биотехнологий</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 1, Ставрополь, 355017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Ashotovich Nagdalian, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Food and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology</p><p>1 Pushkin Str., Stavropol, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anagdalian@ncfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-5143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ребезов</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rebezov</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Борисович Ребезов, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, кандидат ветеринарных наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник; доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, кандидат ветеринарных наук, профессор кафедры биотехнологии и пищевых продуктов</p><p>ул. Талалихина, 26, Москва, 109316</p><p>ул. Карла Либкнехта, 42, Екатеринбург, 620075</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim Borisovich Rebezov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher; Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Professor of the Department of Biotechnology and Food Products</p><p>26 Talalikhin Str., Moscow, 109316</p><p>42 Karl Liebknecht Str., Yekaterinburg, 620075</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rebezov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Caucasus Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова Российской академии наук; Уральский государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ржепаковский И.В., Тимченко Л.Д., Писков С.И., Аванесян С.С., Сизоненко М.Н., Шахбанов М.Ш., Нагдалян А.А., Ребезов М.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ржепаковский И.В., Тимченко Л.Д., Писков С.И., Аванесян С.С., Сизоненко М.Н., Шахбанов М.Ш., Нагдалян А.А., Ребезов М.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rzhepakovsky I.V., Timchenko L.D., Piskov S.I., Avanesyan S.S., Sizonenko M.N., Shakhbanov M.S., Nagdalian A.A., Rebezov M.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2809">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2809</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Модель куриного эмбриона идеально подходит для изучения развития сердца, являющегося первым функционирующим органом в эмбриогенезе. Особое внимание привлекает зародышевый период, когда эмбриональное сердце одновременно и функционирует, и формируется, а небольшие отклонения в этом процессе могут привести к аномалиям развития. Текущее отсутствие результатов точных измерений отдельных структур сердца куриного эмбриона требует проведения качественной визуализации, сложность проведения которой определяется динамичными изменениями в морфологии сердца, маленькими размерами и сложными пространственными деталями органа. Незаменимыми инструментами в этом аспекте выступают методы трехмерной визуализации, среди которых особые преимущества имеет рентгеновская микротомография.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Сканирование эмбрионов (4–8-е сутки, эмбриональные стадии — HH22–HH34) проводилось с использованием рентгеновского микротомографа высокого разрешения Skyscan 1176. В качестве контраста использовался 1%-ный раствор фосфорно-вольфрамовой кислоты. Постобработка, реконструирование, визуализация 3D-изображений, морфометрия и оценка рентгеноплотности осуществлялись с помощью программных пакетов DataViewer (1.5.6.2), CTvox (3.3.0r1403), CT-analyser (1.18.4.0).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Полученные результаты складываются из трех компонентов: 1) общая трехмерная рентгеновская микротомографическая визуализация куриных зародышей на ранних стадиях эмбриогенеза с обозначением внутренних органов, позволяющая определить правильность расположения сердца; 2) микротомография сердца с обозначением основных структур; 3) морфометрические параметры зародыша, сердца и их рентгенплотность в единицах шкалы Хаунсфилда (HU). Использованный методический подход показал высокую эффективность. При увеличение линейных размеров куриного зародыша и внутренних органов, в том числе сердца сохраняется высокий уровень как общей рентгенконрастности так и диффконтрастности. На всех изученных стадиях зародышевого периода эмбриогенеза (4–8-е сутки; HH22–HH34) выявлены основные визуальные и количественные характеристики морфогенеза сердца.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The chicken embryo model is ideal for studying the development of the heart, which is the first functioning organ in embryogenesis. Particular attention is drawn to the embryonic period, when the embryonic heart is both functioning and forming, and small deviations in this process can lead to developmental anomalies. The current lack of results of accurate measurements of the morphology of the heart of a chicken embryo requires high-quality visualization, the complexity of which is determined by dynamic changes in the morphology of the heart, small size and complex spatial details of the organ. Threedimensional imaging methods are indispensable tools in this aspect, among which X-ray microtomography has special advantages.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Embryo scanning (4–8 days, embryonic stages HH22–HH34) was performed using a highresolution X-ray microtomograph Skyscan 1176. A 1% solution of phosphoric-tungstic acid was used as a contrast. Post-processing, reconstruction, visualization of 3D-images, morphometry and X-ray density assessment were carried out using software packages DataViewer (1.5.6.2), CTvox (3.3.0r1403), CT-analyser (1.18.4.0).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results obtained consist of three components: 1) general three-dimensional X-ray microtomographic visualization of chicken embryos in the early stages of embryogenesis with the designation of internal organs, allowing to determine the correct location of the heart; 2) microtomography of the heart with the designation of the main structures; 3) morphometric parameters of the embryo, heart and their X-ray density in units of the Hounsfield scale (HU). The methodological approach used has shown high efficiency. With an increase in the linear size of the chicken embryo and internal organs, including the heart, a high level of both general X-ray contrast and diffraction remains. At all the studied stages of the embryonic period of embryogenesis (4–8 days; HH22–HH34), the main visual and quantitative characteristics of cardiac morphogenesis were revealed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>куриный эмбрион</kwd><kwd>сердце</kwd><kwd>зародышевый период эмбриогенеза</kwd><kwd>рентгеновская микротомография</kwd><kwd>трехмерная визуализация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chicken embryo</kwd><kwd>heart</kwd><kwd>embryonic period of embryogenesis</kwd><kwd>X-ray microtomography</kwd><kwd>3D-visualization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-24-00282. https://rscf.ru/project/23-24-00282/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-24-00282. https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-24-00282/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia P., Wang Y., Viallet J., Macek Jilkova Z. 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