vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-46-52vetpress-2873Research ArticleВЕТЕРИНАРИЯVETERINARY MEDICINEЭпизоотическая ситуация по бактериальной почечной болезни (BKD)Epizootic situation of bacterial kidney disease (BKD)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-8648АлонцеваД. А.AlontsevaD. A.

Дарья Александровна Алонцева, младший научный сотрудник

Рязанский пр-т, 24, Москва, 109428

Darya Alexandrovna Alontseva, Junior Researcher

24 Ryazan Ave., Moscow, 109428

livejustonce@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1110-7052ДрошневА. Е.DroshnevA. E.

Алексей Евгеньевич Дрошнев кандидат биологических наук 

Рязанский пр-т, 24, Москва, 109428

Alexey Evgenevich Droshnev, Candidate of Biological Sciences

24 Ryazan Ave., Moscow, 109428

asdf1961@yandex.ruЗавьяловаЕ. А.ZavyalovaE. A.

Елена Александровна Завьялова, кандидат биологических наук

Рязанский пр-т, 24, Москва, 109428

Elena Alexandrovna Zavyalova, Candidate of Biological Sciences

24 Ryazan Ave., Moscow, 109428

aquazeda@yandex.ruФедеральный научный центр — Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной ветеринарии им. К.И. Скрябина и Я.Р. Коваленко Российской академии наук»РоссияFederal Scientific Center — All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Y.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2023201220230124652Copyright © Алонцева Д.А., Дрошнев А.Е., Завьялова Е.А., 20232023Алонцева Д.А., Дрошнев А.Е., Завьялова Е.А.Alontseva D.A., Droshnev A.E., Zavyalova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2873Актуальность

Актуальность. Бактериальная почечная болезнь (БПБ, BKD, коринеальная почечная инфекция, болезнь Ди), возбудителем которой является грамположительная неспоровая неподвижная бактерия Renibacterium salmoninarum, — это распространенное заболевание рыб семейства лососевых (Salmonidae), которое наносит существенный ущерб производству рыбы в аквакультуре и развитию отрасли, а также снижает численность диких популяций.

Цель данного обзора — являлся анализ эпизоотической ситуации по бактериальной почечной болезни (BKD) среди диких популяций лососевых и рыб в аквакультуре на территории Российской Федерации, а также в других странах.

В статье представлена информация по заболеваемости BKD в мире и на территории Российской Федерации за 1933–2023 гг., показаны данные по распространению болезни среди диких популяций и выращиваемых рыб в аквакультуре, описаны возможные пути передачи, нативные и предполагаемые векторы-переносчики инфекции.

Методы

Методы. Рассмотрены меры контроля роста заболеваемости BKD в мире и на территории Российской Федерации. В связи с отсутствием эффективной вакцины и способа лечения наиболее доступным методом контроля распространения болезни является своевременная диагностика. Указаны методы, разработанные для быстрой и эффективной диагностики сотрудниками лаборатории ихтиопатологии ФНЦ ВИЭВ РАН: реакция микроагглютинации (РМА) и полимеразно-цепная реакция в реальном времени (ПЦР-РВ).

Результаты

Результаты. В отличие от классических бактериологических методов, данные реакции позволяют провести индикацию и идентификацию возбудителя BKD в течение 24 часов.

Relevance

Relevance. Bacterial kidney disease (BKD, corineal renal infection, Di disease), the causative agent of which is the gram–positive non-spore motionless bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum, is a common disease of salmon fish (Salmonidae), which causes significant damage to fish production in aquaculture and the development of the industry, as well as reduces the number of wild populations.

The purpose of this review was to analyze the epizootic situation of bacterial renal disease (BKD) among wild salmon and fish populations in aquaculture on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as in other countries.

The article presents information on the incidence of BKD in the world and on the territory of the Russian Federation for the period 1933–2023, shows data on the spread of the disease among wild populations and farmed fish in aquaculture, describes possible transmission routes, native and suspected vectors of infection.

Methods

Methods. The authors consider measures to control the growth of the incidence of BKD in the world and on the territory of the Russian Federation. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine and a method of treatment, the most affordable method of controlling the spread of the disease is timely diagnosis. The article describes the methods developed for fast and effective diagnostics by the staff of the Laboratory of Ichthyopathology of the FSC VIEV: microagglutination reaction (PMA) and polymerase chain reaction in real time (real-time PCR).

Results

Results. Unlike classical bacteriological methods, these reactions allow for the indication and identification of the causative agent of BKD within 24 hours.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.