vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-146-152vetpress-2954Research ArticleРЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ И ОТРАСЛЕВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКАREGIONAL AND SECTORAL ECONOMYАнализ структуры посевных площадей стран Европейского союза с концепции устойчивого земледелия. ГерманияAnalysis of the structure of the acreage of the European Union countries with the concept of sustainable agriculture. Germanyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-9060ПапаскириТ. В.PapaskiriT. V.

Тимур Валикович Папаскири – доктор экономических наук, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, врио ректора

ул. Казакова, 15, Москва, 105064

Timur Valikovich Papaskiri – Doctor of Economics, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Acting Rector

15  Kazakova  Str.,  Moscow, 105064

t_papaskiri@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0657-7148МитрофановС. В.MitrofanovS. V.

Сергей Владимирович Митрофанов – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник

Покровский бульвар, 11, Москва, 109028

Sergey Vladimirovich Mitrofanov – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Research Officer 

11 Pokrovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 109028

f-mitrofanoff2015@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8504-0252ОрловаН. B.OrlovaN. V.

Надежда Владимировна Орлова – заведующая отделом экономики инноваций в сельском хозяйстве Института аграрных исследований

Покровский бульвар, 11, Москва, 109028

Nadezhda Vladimirovna Orlova –Head of the Department of Economics of Innovation in Agriculture at the Institute of Agricultural Research

11 Pokrovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 109028

nvorlova@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-5131СошниковА. Ю.SoshnikovA. Yu.

Андрей Юрьевич Сошников – кандидат экономических наук, врио проректора по административно-хозяйственной деятельности, строительству и развитию имущественного комплекса

ул. Казакова, 15, Москва, 105064

Andrey Yuryevich Soshnikov –Candidate of Economic Sciences, Acting Vice-Rector for Administrative and Economic Activities, Construction and Development of the property complex 

15  Kazakova  Str.,  Moscow, 105064

SoshnikovAJ@guz.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4938-0193ШевчукА. А.ShevchukA. A.

Артем Александрович Шевчук – заместитель декана факультета землеустройства и управления природопользованием ФГБОУ ВО ГУЗ, директор Центра цифровой трансформации

ул. Казакова, 15, Москва, 105064

Artem Aleksandrovich Shevchuk – Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Land Management and Environmental Management, Director of the Center for Digital Transformation 

15  Kazakova  Str.,  Moscow, 105064

shevchukaa@guz.ruГосударственный университет по землеустройствуРоссияState University of Land Use PlanningRussian FederationВысшая школа экономикиРоссияHigher School of EconomicsRussian Federation20242002202402146152Copyright © Папаскири Т.В., Митрофанов С.В., Орлова Н.B., Сошников А.Ю., Шевчук А.А., 20242024Папаскири Т.В., Митрофанов С.В., Орлова Н.B., Сошников А.Ю., Шевчук А.А.Papaskiri T.V., Mitrofanov S.V., Orlova N.V., Soshnikov A.Y., Shevchuk A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2954

Данная работа посвящена анализу влияния изменений в структуре посевных площадей и системе землепользования на устойчивость земледелия Германии. Установлено, что система землеустройства в Германии является децентрализованной, с региональными и местными органами, отвечающими за земельные вопросы. В соответствии с немецким законом о землеустройстве земельные участки должны быть использованы с учетом экологических, экономических и социальных потребностей. Это означает, что использование земли должно быть устойчивым и соответствовать потребностям местных сообществ и экосистем. Германия исторически является одним из крупнейших рынков органической продукции. По состоянию на 2020 г. доля земель под органическим земледелием в стране составляет 9,6% (1592,7 тыс. га). За 2001—2020 гг. площадь земель под органическим земледелием выросла на 56,8%. В целом система землеустройства в Германии является устойчивой и ориентированной на удовлетворение экологических, экономических и социальных потребностей. В стране активно проводятся мероприятия по сохранению и улучшению качества почвы, сокращению использования химических удобрений и пестицидов, сохранению биоразнообразия и сокращению выбросов парниковых газов. Германия также активно развивает органическое земледелие и точное земледелие, что позволяет эффективнее использовать земельные ресурсы и сокращать негативное воздействие на окружающую среду. Однако, несмотря на все эти мероприятия, анализ отчетов Правительства ФРГ, ОЭСР и ФАО свидетельствует, что в стране всё еще сохраняются проблемы с загрязнением водных ресурсов, биоценозов и снижением плодородия почв.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of changes in the structure of acreage and the land use system on the sustainability of agriculture in Germany. It is established that the land management system in Germany is decentralized, with regional and local authorities responsible for land issues. According to the German Law on Land Management, land plots must be used taking into account environmental, economic and social needs. This means that land use must be sustainable and meet the needs of local communities and ecosystems. Germany has historically been one of the largest markets for organic products. As of 2020, the share of land under organic farming in the country is 9.6% (1592.7 thousand hectares). In 2001–2020, the area of land under organic farming increased by 56.8%. In general, the land management system in Germany is sustainable and focused on meeting environmental, economic and social needs. The country is actively taking measures to preserve and improve soil quality, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, preserve biodiversity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Germany is also actively developing organic farming and precision farming, which makes it possible to use land resources more efficiently and reduce the negative impact on the environment. However, despite all these measures, the analysis of the reports of the German Government, the OECD and the FAO shows that the country still has problems with pollution of water resources, biocenoses and a decrease in soil fertility.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.