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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2024-380-3-104-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-2988</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОНОМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ускоренная технология очистки  нефтезагрязненных почв</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Accelerated technology for cleaning oil-contaminated soils</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-8493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтярева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Degtyareva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Александровна Дегтярева, доктор биологических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 20А, Казань, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Alexandrovna Degtyareva, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>20A Orenburg trakt, Kazan, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">peace-1963@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-3049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманова</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanova</surname><given-names>G. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гульнара Фанисовна Рахманова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 20А, Казань, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnara Fanisovna Rakhmanova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher</p><p>20A Orenburg trakt, Kazan, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulnara_rakhmanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences"<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дегтярева И.А., Рахманова Г.Ф., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дегтярева И.А., Рахманова Г.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Degtyareva I.A., Rakhmanova G.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2988">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/2988</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Теоретически обоснована уникальность практического применения ускоренной и экологически безопасной технологии рекультивации нефтезагрязненных земель, в которой использованы местное минеральное сырье, консорциум автохтонных углеводородокисляющих бактерий с полифункциональными положительными свойствами, эффективные растения — фитомелиоранты. Углеводородное загрязнение ликвидируется непосредственно на месте разлива, а скорость возврата нарушенных почв в сельскохозяйственный оборот в 3–4 раза быстрее традиционных приемов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Объекты исследований: механоактивированный бентопорошок и нанобентонит, консорциум углеводородокисляющих бактерий, составленный из трех автохтонных штаммов. Почва — чернозем выщелоченный. Пшеница — яровая. Нефть — девонская. Концентрация загрязнения нефтью на участке составила 6,4%. Бентопорошок и нанобентонит вносили в дозах 6,0 т/га и 0,3 т/га соответственно. Отбор проб проводили пробоотборником на 0-е, 15-е, 30-е, 90-е сутки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Рекомендованы оптимальные дозы внесения бентопорошка и нанобентонита в нарушенную почву выше среднего уровня загрязнения (6,0 т/га и 0,3 т/га соответственно). Спустя 15 суток уровень загрязнения уменьшается вдвое (до 51,1 г/кг и 40,8 г/кг с бентопорошком и нанобентонитом соответственно). Удаления внесенного минерального сорбента не требуется, так как он в дальнейшем становится источником минерального питания для автохтонных микроорганизмов-деструкторов и почвоулучшителем. На втором инновационном этапе применяют консорциум, сформированный из эффективных штаммов и адаптированный к конкретным условиям. Штаммы консорциума встраиваются в экологическую нишу, адаптируются и начинают активно развиваться, утилизируя нефть и нефтепродукты. Спустя месяц уровень загрязнения снижается до 19,2 г/кг и 9,2 г/кг при внесении бентопорошка и нанобентонита соответственно.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The uniqueness of the practical application of accelerated and environmentally safe technology for the reclamation of oil–polluted lands, which uses local mineral raw materials, a consortium of autochthonous hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria with multifunctional positive properties, effective phytomeliorants, is theoretically substantiated. Hydrocarbon pollution is eliminated directly at the spill site, and the rate ofreturn of disturbed soils to agricultural circulation is 3–4 times faster than traditional methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Objects of research: mechanically activated bentopowder and nanobentonite, a consortium of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria composed of three autochthonous strains, soil leached chernozem, spring wheat, Devonian oil. The concentration of oil pollution at the site was 6.4%. Bentopowder and nanobentonite were introduced in doses of 6.0 t/ha and 0.3 t/ha, respectively. Sampling was carried out with a sampler on the 0th, 15th, 30th, and 90th days.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The optimal doses of application of bento powder and nano bentonite to disturbed soil above the average pollution level (6.0 t/ha and 0.3 t/ha respectively) are recommended. After 15 days, the level of contamination is halved (to 51.1 g/kg and 40.8 g/kg with benton powder and nanobentonite respectively). Removal of the introduced mineral sorbent is not required, since it later becomes a source of mineral nutrition for autochthonous microorganisms-destructors and a soil improver. At the second innovative stage, a consortium formed from effective strains and adapted to specific conditions is used. The strains of the consortium fit into an ecological niche, adapt and begin to actively develop, utilizing oil and petroleum products. After a month, the level of contamination decreases to 19.2 g/kg and 9.2 g/kg with the addition of benton powder and nanobentonite respectively.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>нефть</kwd><kwd>рекультивация</kwd><kwd>природные минералы</kwd><kwd>углеводородокисляющие бактерии</kwd><kwd>фитомелиоранты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>oil</kwd><kwd>remediation</kwd><kwd>natural minerals</kwd><kwd>hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria</kwd><kwd>phytomeliorants</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследования выполнены в рамках государственного задания  № FMEG-2021-0003 (регистрационный № 121021600147-1).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was carried out within the framework of state assignment No. FMEG-2021-0003 (registration No. 121021600147-1).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хазиев Ф.Х. 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