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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2024-382-5-74-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-3074</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОНОМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наследование хозяйственно ценных  признаков у гибридов F1 зернового сорго   при насыщающих скрещиваниях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inheritance of economically valuable traits   in f1 hybrids of grain sorghum during saturating  crosses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7800-9521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биктимиров</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biktimirov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рифхат Анварович Биктимиров, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник ,  заведующий лабораторией селекци и семеноводства кормовых культур</p><p>пр-т. Октября, 71, Уфа, 450054</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rifkhat Anvarovich Biktimirov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher Associate, Head of the Laboratory of Breeding and Seed Production of Forage Crops</p><p>71 Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa, 450054</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biktimirov.rifx@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства  — обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture is a separate structural unit of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Биктимиров Р.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Биктимиров Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Biktimirov R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3074">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3074</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность.  Эффект  гетерозиса  имеет  большое  значение  в  селекции  сельскохозяйственных культур. В селекции зернового сорго гетерозис широко используется для увеличения урожайности и расширения адаптивных способностей гибридных растений.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Объектом исследований были 13 наиболее скороспелых комбинаций F1 зернового сорго и их родительских форм. В схему скрещиваний включены 7 материнских (Рось, Зернышко, Славянка, Огонек, Премьера, Меркурий, Орловское) и 6 отцовских (Рось, Зернышко, Славянка, Огонек, Белочка, Меркурий) форм зернового сорго.</p><p>Параметры гетерозиса рассчитывали по методике Д.С. Омарова.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наибольший эффект истинного гетерозиса по длине метелки выявлен в комбинациях Славянка  —  Огонек  (15,6%),  Премьера  —  Меркурий  (15,0%),  а  наибольшее  значение  гипотетиче -ского гетерозиса установлено в скрещиваниях Огонек — Рось (22,2%), Славянка — Огонек (20,1%)  и  Премьера  —  Меркурий  (20,3%).  Высокая  степень  фенотипического  доминирования  выявлена  и у комбинаций Славянка — Огонек (5,1) и Премьера — Меркурий (4,4).</p><p>Оценка  гибридов  и  родительских  форм  показывает,  что  многие  из  них  по  урожайности  зерна с  одного  растения  превысили  своего  родителя,  таким  образом,  проявив  истинный  гетерозис,  который варьировал от 6,1% у гибрида Зернышко — Огонек до 49,5% у гибрида Премьера — Рось. Наибольшие  значения  гипотетического  гетерозиса  проявились  в  комбинациях  Огонек  —  Рось  и  Премьера  —  Рось  (62,8%  и  51,7%).  В  гибридных  комбинациях  степень  доминирования  варьировала  от  0,6  до  34,0.  Сверхдоминирование  было  отмечено  у  гибридов  Премьера  —  Рось  (34,0)  и Огонек — Рось (6,7).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance.  The  effect  of  heterosis  is  of  great  importance  in  crop  breeding.  Heterosis  is  defined  as  an increase  in  the  value  of  the  trait  of  F1  hybrids  compared  to  the  average  value  of  both  parents.  In  grain sorghum breeding, heterosis is widely used to increase the yield and expand the adaptive abilities of hybrid plants.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods.  The  object  of  research  was  13  of  the  most  precocious  F1  combinations  of  grain  sorghum  and their  parent  forms.  The  crossing  scheme  includes  seven  maternal  (Ros,  Zernishko,  Slavyanka,  Ogonek, Premiere, Mercury, Orlovskoye) and 6 paternal (Ros, Zernishko, Slavyanka, Ogonek, Belochka, Mercury) forms grain sorghum. The parameters of heterosis were calculated using the method of D.S. Omarov.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results.  The  greatest  effect  of  true  heterosis  along  the  length  of  the  panicle  was  revealed  in  the combinations:  Slavyanka  —  Ogonyok  (15.6%),  Premiere  —  Mercury  (15.0%),  and  the  highest  value of  hypothetical  heterosis  was  found  in  the  crosses  Ogonyok  —  Ros  (22.2%),  Slavyanka  —  Ogonyok (20.1%) and Premiere — Mercury (20.3%). Also, a high degree of phenotypic dominance was found in the combinations Slavyanka — Ogonyok (5.1) and Premiere — Mercury (4.4). Evaluation of hybrids and parental forms shows that many of them exceeded their parent in terms of grain yield  from  one  plant,  thus  showing  true  heterosis,  which  varied  from  6.1%  in  the  Zernyshko  —  Ogonyok hybrid to 49.5% in Premiera — Ros. The highest values of hypothetical heterosis appeared in combinations Ogonyok — Ros and Premiera — Ros — 62.8% and 51.7%. In hybrid combinations, the degree of dominance varied  from  0.6  to  34.0.  Overdomination  was  noted  for  the  Premiera  —  Ros  combination  (34.0)  and  the Ogonyok — Ros (6,7).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зерновое сорго</kwd><kwd>гетерозис</kwd><kwd>гибрид</kwd><kwd>признаки</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd><kwd>сорт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>grain sorghum</kwd><kwd>heterosis</kwd><kwd>hybrid</kwd><kwd>traits</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd><kwd>variety</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках программы «Реализация направлений,  соответствующих программе создания и развития Селекционно-семеноводческого центра по кормовым культурам УФИЦ РАН»  (соглашение №  075-15-2021-549,  регистрационный № 121110100009-8)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the program “Implementation  of directions corresponding to the program for the creation and development  of the Breeding and seed seed production center for forage crops of the UFIC  RAS” (agreement No. 075-15-2021-549, registration No. 121110100009-8).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abreha K.B. et al. 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