vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-384-7-85-90vetpress-3168Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSМикробиологические показатели в рубце овец при скармливании разного уровня концентратовMicrobiological indicators in the rumen of sheep when fed different levels of concentrateshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4267-5300КолесникН. С.KolesnikN. S.

Никита Сергеевич Колесник - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории фундаментальных основ питания сельскохозяйственных животных и рыб 

пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Nikita Sergeevich Kolesnik - Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Fundamental Principles of Nutrition of Farm Animals and Fish 

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

kominisiko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8862-3648ЗеленченковаА. А.ZelenchenkovaA. A.

Алёна Анатольевна Зеленченкова - старший научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией фундаментальных основ питания сельскохозяйственных животных и рыб, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук 

пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Alena Anatolyevna Zelenchenkova - Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Fundamental Principles of Nutrition of Farm Animals and Fish, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences 

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

aly4383@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-4669-2395ВьючнаяП. С.VyuchnayaP. S.

Полина Сергеевна Вьючная - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории фундаментальных основ питания сельскохозяйственных животных и рыб 

пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Polina Sergeevna Vyuchnaya - Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Fundamental Principles of Nutrition of Farm Animals and Fish 

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

vyuchnaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7706-4182АртемьеваО. А.ArtemyevaO. A.

Ольга Анатольевна Артемьева - ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией микробиологии, кандидат биологических наук 

пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Olga Anatolyevna Artemyeva - Leading Researcher, Head of the Microbiology Laboratory, Candidate of Biological Sciences 

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

vijmikrob@mail.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation202430072024078590Copyright © Колесник Н.С., Зеленченкова А.А., Вьючная П.С., Артемьева О.А., 20242024Колесник Н.С., Зеленченкова А.А., Вьючная П.С., Артемьева О.А.Kolesnik N.S., Zelenchenkova A.A., Vyuchnaya P.S., Artemyeva O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3168

Актуальность. В статье представлены результаты исследования влияния скармливания различного уровня концентратов на микробиоту рубца у овец. Методы. Эксперимент проведен на базе физиологического двора ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста на овцах романовской породы с хроническими фистулами рубца по Басову. Опыт проведен методом групп периодов, длительность каждого — 30 дней (n = 6). В первый период овцы получали сеноконцентратный рацион с содержанием 20% концентратов, во второй — 30%, в третий — 40% концентратов по питательности. В конце каждого балансового опыта у всех животных (n = 6) отбирались пробы рубцового содержимого для генетического исследования рубцовой микробиоты. Результаты. Повышение концентратов до 40% привело к снижению общей микробиальной массы на 6% и 7,5% по сравнению с 20% и 30% содержания концентратов в рационе соответственно. Амилолитическая активность рубца после кормления постепенно увеличивалась с 12,73 до 14,21 Е/мл при смене рациона на более концентрированный. С увеличением доли концентратов происходит рост популяции энтерококков с максимумом при 30% концентратов. Наиболее интенсивный рост популяции лактобактерий наблюдается при скармливании 30% концентратов (4,78∙105 КОЕ/мл против 3,18∙105 КОЕ/мл при 40%). Соотношение КМАФАнМ до и после кормления оставалось постоянным с выраженным максимумом при 30% концентратов. Не удалось обнаружить устойчивую закономерность в изменении количества грибов в рубце при разном уровне концентратов в рационе. Метагеномный анализ показал увеличение количества Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., Blautia spp., Streptococcus spp., Roseburia inulinivorans, Prevotella spp. при снижении количества Bifidobacterium spp., Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanosphaera stadmanae, Ruminococcus spp. в рубцовом содержимом с увеличением концентратов на 20%, 30% и 40%. Наибольшее количество микроорганизмов наблюдается при скармливании животным 30% концентратов.

Relevance. This article presents the results of a study ofthe effect offeeding different levels of concentrates on the rumen microbiota of sheep. Methods. The experiment was carried out on the basis of the physiological yard of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry on Romanov sheep with chronic rumen fistulas according to Basov. The experiment was conducted using the method of groups of periods, the duration of each period is 30 days (n = 6). In the first period, the sheep received a hay-concentrate diet containing 20% concentrates, in the second — 30%, in the third — 40% of nutritional concentrates. At the end of each balance experiment, samples of ruminal contents were taken from all animals (n = 6) for a genetic study of the rumen microbiota. Results. Increasing concentrates to 40% resulted in a 6% and 7.5% reduction in total microbial mass compared with 20% and 30% concentrate diets, respectively. The amylolytic activity of the rumen after feeding gradually increased from 12.73 to 14.21 U/ml when the diet was changed to a more concentrated one. With an increase in the proportion of concentrates, the population of enterococci increases with a maximum at 30% of concentrates. The most intensive growth of the lactobacilli population is observed when feeding 30% concentrates (4.78∙105 CFU/ml versus 3.18∙105 CFU/ml at 40%). The ratio of QMAFAnM before and after feeding remained constant with a pronounced maximum at 30% concentrates. It was not possible to detect a consistent pattern in the change in the number of fungi in the rumen at different levels of concentrates in the diet. Metagenomic analysis showed an increase in the number of Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., Blautia spp., Streptococcus spp., Roseburia inulinivorans, Prevotella spp., with a decrease in the number of Bifidobacterium spp., Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanosphaera stadmanae, Ruminococcus spp. in ruminal contents with an increase in concentrates by 20%, 30% and 40%. The highest contamination with microorganisms is observed when feeding animals 30% concentrates.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.