vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-385-8-74-81vetpress-3218Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSОценка влияния скармливания совместно экструдированных компонентов рациона на переваримость корма, кишечный микробиом и обмен остеотропных элементов у цыплят-бройлеровEvaluation of the effect of feeding co-extruded diet components on feed digestibility, intestinal microbiome and metabolism of osteotropic elements in broiler chickenshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-2211ЯушеваЕ. В.YaushevaE. V.

Елена Владимировна Яушева, старший научный сотрудник, кандидат биологических наук

ул. 9 Января, 29, Оренбург, 46000

Elena Vladimirovna Yausheva, Senior Researcher, Candidate of Biological Sciences

29 January 9th Str., Orenburg, 46000

vasilena56@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-8247ХолодилинаТ. Н.KholodilinaT. N.

Татьяна Николаевна Холодилина, ведущий научный сотрудник, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук; доцент кафедры экологии и природопользования, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук

Tatyana Nikolaevna Kholodilina, Leading Researcher, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Nature Management, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

29 January 9th Str., Orenburg, 46000

13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018

xolodilina@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5134-0396РязанцеваК. В.RyazantsevaK. V.

Кристина Владимировна Рязанцева, младший научный сотрудник

ул. 9 Января, 29, Оренбург, 46000,

Kristina Vladimirovna Ryazantseva; Junior Researcher

29 January 9th Str., Orenburg, 46000

reger94@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-5981СизоваЕ. А.SizovaE. A.

Елена Анатольевна Сизова, ведущий научный сотрудник, доцент, доктор биологических наук, кандидат биологических наук; профессор научно-образовательного центра «Биологические системы и нанотехнологии», доцент, доктор биологических наук, кандидат биологических наук

ул. 9 Января, 29, Оренбург, 46000

пр-т Победы, 13, Оренбург, 460018

Elena Anatolyevna Sizova, Leading Researcher, Associate Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Candidate of Biological Sciences; Professor of the Scientific and Educational Center “Biological Systems and Nanotechnology”, Associate Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Candidate of Biological Sciences

29 January 9th Str., Orenburg, 46000

13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018

sizova.l78@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4298-1663КлимоваТ. А.KlimovaT. A.

Татьяна Андреевна Климова, младший научный сотрудник

ул. 9 Января, 29, Оренбург, 46000

Tatyana Andreevna Klimova; Junior Research Assistant

29 January 9th Str., Orenburg, 46000

ga-lche-nok@mail.ruФедеральный научный центр биологических систем и агротехнологий Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный научный центр биологических систем и агротехнологий Российской академии наук; Оренбургский государственный университетРоссияFederal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Orenburg State UniversityRussian Federation202423082024187481Copyright © Яушева Е.В., Холодилина Т.Н., Рязанцева К.В., Сизова Е.А., Климова Т.А., 20242024Яушева Е.В., Холодилина Т.Н., Рязанцева К.В., Сизова Е.А., Климова Т.А.Yausheva E.V., Kholodilina T.N., Ryazantseva K.V., Sizova E.A., Klimova T.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3218

Отруби, как источник клетчатки в рационах, уже не воспринимаются как антипитательный компонент, напротив, рассматривается как пребиотик, стимулирующий работу кишечного микробиома и фактор снижающий стоимость рациона. При этом сохраняется необходимость нивелирования некоторых негативных аспектов в виде повышения количества труднопереваримой клетчатки и снижения усвоения минеральных элементов из рационов, в частности кальция.

Методы

Методы. Методом снижения антипитательности и улучшения функциональных свойств кормов, обладающих повышенной доступностью компонентов, может выступать экструзия.

Цели исследования — изучение влияния скармливания совместно экструдированных компонентов рациона: пшеничных отрубей и известняковой муки на переваримость корма, морфометрические характеристики желудочно-кишечного тракта и состояние его микробиома, а также метаболизм созависимых с кальцием минералов в скелетной структуре.

Результаты

Результаты. Совместное экструдирование пшеничных отрубей и известняковой муки, как источника кальция, приводило к улучшению переваримости питательных веществ (сырого жира) у птицы. Анализ минерального обмена показал увеличение содержания железа, цинка и магния в костной ткани, кальция, цинка, меди и магния — в бедренной кости птицы II группы в сравнении с I. Изменения в микробиоме слепой кишки при скармливании экструдата с карбонатом кальция были связаны с повышением доли бактерий (Faecalibacterium), являющихся активными продуцентами ряда короткоцепочечных жирных кислот (пропионата, бутирата). В результате показана перспектива использования совместно экструдированных компонентов: углеводного (отруби) и минерального (известняковая мука) в кормах в рамках функциональной и экономической оптимизации рационов.

Bran, as a source of fiber in diets, is no longer perceived as an anti-nutritional component; on the contrary, it is considered as a prebiotic, stimulating the functioning of the intestinal microbiome and a factor reducing the cost of the diet. At the same time, there remains a need to level out some negative aspects in the form of an increase fiber for and a decrease in the absorption of mineral elements from diets, in particular calcium. 

Extrusion can be a method of reducing antinutritional properties and improving the functional properties of feeds with increased availability of components. The purpose of the study was to study the effect of feeding co-extruded diet components: wheat bran and limestone flour on feed digestibility, morphometric characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract and the state of its microbiome, as well as the metabolism of calcium-codependent minerals in the skeletal structure.

The combined extrusion of wheat bran and limestone flour, as a source of calcium, led to improved digestibility of nutrients (crude fat) in poultry. Analysis of mineral metabolism showed an increase in the content of iron, zinc and magnesium in bone tissue, and calcium, zinc, copper and magnesium in the femur of birds of group II in comparison with I. Changes in the microbiome of the cecum, when feeding extrudate with calcium carbonate, were associated with an increase in the proportion of bacteria (Faecalibacterium), which are active producers of a number of short-chain fatty acids (propionate, butyrate). As a result, the prospect of using jointly extruded components: carbohydrate (bran) and mineral (limestone flour) in feeds as part of the functional and economic optimization of diets is shown.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.