vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-385-8-124-131vetpress-3226Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSGWAS как инструмент обнаружения SNPs у крупного рогатого скота для изучения их связи с воспроизводством, продуктивностью, ростом, поведением, болезнямиGWAS as a tool for detecting SNPs in cattle to study their relationship to reproduction, productivity, growth, behavior, diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-4639ЛаркинаТ. А.LarkinaT. A.

Татьяна Александровна Ларкина, кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник

Московское шоссе, 55А, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, 196601

Tatyana Aleksandrovna Larkina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Junior Researcher 

55А Moskovskoe highway, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601

tanya.larkina2015@yandex.ruШиряевГ. В.ShiryaevG. V.

Геннадий Владимирович Ширяев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник

Московское шоссе, 55А, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, 196601

Gennady Vladimirovich Shiryaev, Candidateof Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher

55А Moskovskoe highway, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601

gs-2027@yandex.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных — филиал Федерального исследовательского центра животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияRussian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation20242308202418124131Copyright © Ларкина Т.А., Ширяев Г.В., 20242024Ларкина Т.А., Ширяев Г.В.Larkina T.A., Shiryaev G.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3226

Фундаментальная цель животноводства — это рентабельное производство продуктов питания для человека из здоровых животных, которое включает производство, воспроизводство. Метод полногеномного поиска ассоциаций (Whole-Genome Associated Study, GWAS) активно используется в различных областях, в том числе и в молекулярно-генетических исследованиях с.-х. животных. Полногеномный анализ ассоциаций создавался для идентификации геномных вариаций, связанных с экономически значимыми признаками у различных видов сельскохозяйственных животных. Данный метод геномной селекции дает новые приоритеты для улучшения продуктивных и воспроизводительных качеств домашнего скота.

Цель данной обзорной статьи — всесторонний анализ текущего состояния GWAS у крупного рогатого скота, сосредоточив внимание на выявлении SNP, связанных с воспроизводством, продуктивностью, ростом, поведением и генетически обусловленными заболеваниями. Объем статьи охватывает изучение результатов GWAS по всему миру, как у молочного, так и у мясного скота, с особым акцентом на идентификацию генов-кандидатов, QTL и областей генома, связанных с направлением продуктивности. Кроме того, этот обзор включает классификацию результатов GWAS на основе изученных конкретных признаков, предоставляя всесторонний обзор генетических детерминант воспроизводства, роста, поведения и признаков заболеваний крупного рогатого скота.

The fundamental goal of animal husbandry is the cost-effective production of human food from healthy animals, which includes production, reproduction. The method of whole-genome association study (GWAS) is actively used in various fields, including agriculture. Genome-wide association analyzes were generated as an identifier for genomic variations associated with economically significant traits in different livestock species. This method of genomic selection provides new priorities for improving the productive and reproductive qualities of livestock.

The purpose of this review article is a comprehensive analysis of the current state of GWAS in cattle, focusing on the identification of SNPs associated with reproduction, productivity, growth, behavior and genetically determined diseases. The scope of the article covers the study of GWAS results worldwide, both in dairy and beef cattle, with special emphasis on the identification of candidate genes, QTL and genome regions related to the direction of productivity. Additionally, the organization of this review will include a classification of GWAS results based on the specific traits studied, providing a comprehensive overview of the genetic determinants of reproduction, growth, behavior, and disease traits in cattle.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.