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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2024-387-10-154-158</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-3312</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОНОМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Конструирование новых геномов колонновидной яблони во Всероссийском НИИ селекции плодовых культур</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Construction of new genomes of columnar apple trees in the Russian research institute of fruit crop breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-5311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнеева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneeva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Александровна Корнеева, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук</p><p>дер. Жилина, Орловская обл., 302530</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Aleksandrovna Korneeva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences</p><p>village Zhilina, Orel region, 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksv81_57@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2067-1894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Николаевич Седов, академик РАН, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор</p><p>дер. Жилина, Орловская обл., 302530</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny Nikolaevich Sedov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor</p><p>village Zhilina, Orel region, 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sedov@orel.vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-7095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янчук</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanchuk</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владимировна Янчук, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук</p><p>дер. Жилина, Орловская обл., 302530</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana Vladimirovna Yanchuk, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences</p><p>village Zhilina, Orel region, 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yanchuk@orel.vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-4250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пикунова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pikunova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Викторовна Пикунова, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>дер. Жилина, Орловская обл., 302530</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Viktorovna Pikunova, Candidate of Biological Sciences</p><p>village Zhilina, Orel region, 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pikuanna84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8985-8967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврусевич</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrusevich</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Геннадьевна Лаврусевич, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук</p><p>дер. Жилина, Орловская обл., 302530</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Gennadievna Lavrusevich, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences</p><p>village Zhilina, Orel region, 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lavrusevich@orel.vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корнеева С.А., Седов Е.Н., Янчук Т.В., Пикунова А.В., Лаврусевич Н.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корнеева С.А., Седов Е.Н., Янчук Т.В., Пикунова А.В., Лаврусевич Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korneeva S.A., Sedov E.N., Yanchuk T.V., Pikunova A.V., Lavrusevich N.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3312">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3312</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В статье представлены данные по созданию новых генотипов колонновидной яблони на основе интервалентных скрещиваний типа 2х × 4х с использованием методов традиционной селекции и элементов ускоренной оценки гибридных форм цитоэмбриологическими и молекулярногенетическими методами.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Цитологическая оценка сеянцев, полученных от изученных интервалентных скрещиваний шести колонновидных сортов яблони и отборной колонновидной формы 29-35-123 с тетраплоидными формами 30-47-88 и 25-37-45, являющимися донорами диплоидных гамет, показала, что сеянцы с тройным набором хромосом преобладают и их доля составляет 83,0%. На долю диплоидов приходится 17,0%. Сравнительная оценка плоидности потомства показала, что разница между показателями выхода триплоидных сеянцев в потомстве семей, где в качестве отцовских форм были взяты разные доноры диплоидных гамет (25-37-45 и 30-47-88), несущественна. От тетраплоида 30-47-88 получено 81,7% триплоидного потомства, от 25-37-45 — 91,3%.</p><p>Данные молекулярно-генетического анализа подтверждают, что в комбинациях, где оба родителя обладают геном Rvi6 устойчивости к парше (Поэзия × 30-47-88, Приокское × 30-47-88, Созвездие × 30-47-8), выход иммунных сеянцев высокий (70,7%) и соответствует расщеплению по этому признаку в соотношении 3:1. В семьях, где только один из родителей несет в своем генотипе ген Rvi6, иммунные сеянцы встречались реже (52%). Уникальная комбинация в одном генотипе колонновидности, гена Rvi6 и тройного набора хромосом характерна для 23,1% сеянцев.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The article presents data on the creation of new genotypes of columnar apple trees based on interval crossings of the 2x × 4x type using traditional breeding methods and elements of accelerated assessment of hybrid forms using cytoembryological and molecular genetic methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Cytological assessment of seedlings obtained from the studied interval crossings of six columnar apple varieties and the selected columnar form 29-35-123 with tetraploid forms 30-47-88 and 25-37-45, which are donors of diploid gametes, showed that seedlings with a triple set of chromosomes prevail and their share is 83.0%. The share of diploids accounts for 17.0%. A comparative assessment of the ploidy of offspring showed that the difference between the yield of triploid seedlings in the offspring of families where different donors of diploid gametes (25-37-45 and 30-47-88) were taken as paternal forms is insignificant. From the tetraploid 30-47-88, 81.7% of triploid offspring were obtained, from 25-37-45 — 91.3%.</p><p>The data of molecular genetic analysis confirm that in combinations where both parents have the scab immunity gene, the yield of immune seedlings is high (70,7%) and corresponds to the splitting on this basis in a ratio of 3:1. n families where only one of the parents carries the Rvi6 gene in its genotype (Garland × 25-37-45, 29-35-123 × 25-37-45, Moscow necklace × 30-47-88 and Constellation × 25-37-45) immune seedlings were less common (52%). A unique combination of columnarity, the Rvi6 gene and a triple set of chromosomes in one genotype is characteristic of 23.1% of seedlings.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колонновидный сорт</kwd><kwd>гибрид</kwd><kwd>полиплоидия</kwd><kwd>донор диплоидных гамет</kwd><kwd>интервалентные скрещивания</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>columnar cultivar</kwd><kwd>hybrid</kwd><kwd>polyploidy</kwd><kwd>donor of diploid gametes</kwd><kwd>intervalent crosses</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследования выполнены в рамках государственного задания по теме «Создание новых конкурентоспособных, адаптивных сортов семечковых культур с использованием инновационных методов селекции и разработка экологически безопасных элементов технологии выращивания, переработки и хранения» (FGZS-2022-0008).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The Research completed as part of a security assignment on the topic “Creation of new competitive, adapted varieties of pome crops using innovative methods of selection and development of environmentally friendly elements, technologies for cultivation, processing and storage” (FGZS-2022-0008).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Качалкин М.В. 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