vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-389-12-104-108vetpress-3374Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSИдентификация полиморфизмов локуса BoLA-DRB3.2 в образцах черно-пестрого скота разных временных периодовIdentification of polymorphisms of the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus in samples of black-and-white cattle from different time periodshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-0727АбдельмановаА. С.AbdelmanovaA. S.

Александра  Сергеевна  Абдельманова, доктор биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник 

пос. Дубровицы, 60, Подольский р-н, Московская обл., 142132

Alexandra Sergeevna Abdelmanova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher 

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk district, Moscow region, 142132

abdelmanova@vij.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-177XФорнараМ. С.FornaraM. S.

Маргарет Сержевна Форнара, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник 

пос. Дубровицы, 60, Подольский р-н, Московская обл., 142132

Margaret Sergevna Fornara, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher 

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk district, Moscow region, 142132

margaretfornara@gmail.comБакоевН. Ф.BakoevN. F.

Некруз Фарходович Бакоев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник 

пос. Дубровицы, 60, Подольский р-н, Московская обл., 142132

Nekruz Farkhodovich Bakoev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Researcher 

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk district, Moscow region, 142132

nekruz82@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-6863ЗиновьеваН. А.ZinovievaN. A.

Наталия Анатольевна Зиновьева, доктор биологических наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор

пос. Дубровицы, 60, Подольский р-н, Московская обл., 142132

Natalia Anatolyevna Zinovieva, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk district, Moscow region, 142132

n_zinovieva@mail.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation202418122024012104108Copyright © Абдельманова А.С., Форнара М.С., Бакоев Н.Ф., Зиновьева Н.А., 20242024Абдельманова А.С., Форнара М.С., Бакоев Н.Ф., Зиновьева Н.А.Abdelmanova A.S., Fornara M.S., Bakoev N.F., Zinovieva N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3374

Вирус лейкоза вызывает персистентный лимфоцитоз у крупного рогатого скота, приводит к значительным экономическим потерям. Существуют генетические механизмы устойчивости к развитию заболевания. Важно проводить мониторинг стад крупного рогатого скота на носительство вируса лейкоза и генотипировать животных для выявления аллелей, связанных с устойчивостью к развитию лейкоза.

Цель работы — оценить изменения частот аллелей локуса BoLA-DRB3.2 в черно-пестрой породе крупного рогатого скота под влиянием проводимой селекционной работы.

Исследованы образцы биологического материала современных представителей черно-пестрой породы (BLWT_MOD, n = 10), архивные образцы животных, использовавшихся в племенной работе в конце 70-х — начале 80-х годов ХХ века (BLWT_OLD, n = 10). На основании полных последовательностей 2-го экзона определен аллельный полиморфизм локуса BoLA-DRB3.2. Наблюдалось снижение аллельного разнообразия: в современной популяции выявлены 14 уникальных аллелей, в архивной популяции — 17. Под влиянием селекционной работы в современной популяции доля устойчивых аллелей выросла на 33,33%, а доля чувствительных — на 50% по сравнению с архивной. Доля нейтральных аллелей или аллелей с неизвестным статусом в современной популяции несколько снизилась (на 23,08%). Насыщение современной популяции черно-пестрого скота аллелями, связанными с чувствительностью к лейкозу, может быть связано как с привнесением их в генофонд в результате голштинизации, так и с проводимой селекционной работой, направленной на повышение молочной продуктивности. Значительные экономические потери в результате низкого продуктивного долголетия чувствительных к лейкозу животных требуют корректировки проводимой селекционной работы с учетом аллельного статуса.

The leukemia virus causes persistent lymphocytosis in cattle, resulting to significant economic losses. There are genetic mechanisms of resistance to the development of the disease. It is important to monitor cattle herds for carriage of the leukemia virus and genotype animals to identify alleles associated with resistance to leukemia development.

The aim of the work is to assess changes in allele frequencies of the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus in the blackand-white breed of cattle due to breeding work. Samples of biological material from modern animals of the black-and-white breed (BLWT_MOD, n = 10), as well as archival samples of animals used in breeding work in the late 70s — early 80s of the twentieth century (BLWT_OLD, n = 10) were studied. Based on the complete sequences of the 2nd exon, the allele polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus was determined. A decrease in allelic diversity was observed: 14 unique alleles were identified in the modern population, and 17 in the archived population. As a result of the breeding work in the modern population, the proportion of resistant alleles in the modern population increased by 33.33%, and the proportion of sensitive alleles by 50% compared to the archived one. The proportion of neutral alleles or alleles with unknown status in the modern population has decreased slightly (by 23.08%). The enrichment of the modern population of black-and-white cattle with alleles associated with sensitivity to leukemia may be associated both with their introduction into the gene pool as a result of crossbreeding with Holstein bulls, and with the breeding work aimed at increasing milk productivity. Significant economic losses as a result of low productive longevity of leukemia-sensitive animals require adjustment of the breeding work taking into account the allelic status.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.