vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-389-12-113-116vetpress-3376Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSПодбор полиморфных ДНК-маркеров на основе ретротранспозонов для контроля генетических структур карачаевской лошадиSelection of polymorphic DNA-markers based on retrotransposons for the control of genetic structures of the Karachai horseЭркеновТ. А.ErkenovT. A.

Тимур Алипович Эркенов, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, директор Аграрного института

Ставропольская ул., 36, Черкесск, 369000

Timur Alipovich Erkenov, Candidat of Agricultural Sciences, Director of the Agricultural Institute

36 Stavropolskaya Str., Cherkessk, 369000

erkenov_timur@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-3086КосовскийГ. Ю.KosovskyG. Yu.

Глеб Юрьевич Косовский, доктор биологических наук, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, директор

ул. Трудовая, 6, пос. Родники, Раменский р-н, Московская обл., 140143

Gleb Yurievich Kosovsky2, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director

6 Trudovaya Str., Rodniki village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140143

Северо-Кавказская государственная академияРоссияNorth Caucasus State AcademyRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства им. В.А. АфанасьеваРоссияScientific Research Institute of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding named after V.A. AfanasyevRussian Federation202418122024012113116Copyright © Эркенов Т.А., Косовский Г.Ю., 20242024Эркенов Т.А., Косовский Г.Ю.Erkenov T.A., Kosovsky G.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3376

Сокращение биоразнообразия, стремительное исчезновение автохтонных пород животных сельскохозяйственных видов представляет реальную угрозу развития сельского хозяйства в глобальном масштабе. Особое значение это приобретает в связи с изменениями климата, увеличением антропогенного давления, накопления генотоксичных отходов жизнедеятельности человека. Необходимость исследований генетических ресурсов автохтонных пород, как правило, воспроизводящихся в зонах рискованного животноводства, обусловлена не только задачами их сохранения, но и изучения механизма молекулярно-генетических основ адаптации к неблагоприятным факторам окружающей среды (в частности, у млекопитающих).

Цель работы — подбор ДНК-маркеров, характеризующихся высоким полиморфизмом и достаточно легкодоступным для полилокусного генотипирования у карачаевской породы лошадей, отличающейся высокой адаптацией к горной гипоксии.

В качестве ДНК-маркеров оценивался полиморфизм фрагментов геномной ДНК лошадей, фланкированных инвертированными участками длинных концевых повторов четырех эндогенных ретровирусов: SIRE-1, PawS5, BERV k-1 и BERV β-3. В результате исследований получены данные, что наиболее полиморфными участками геномной ДНК карачаевской лошади являются короткие фрагменты, фланкированные инвертированными повторами SIRE-1 и BERV β-3, что может быть использовано для выявления внутрипородного разнообразия генетической структуры карачаевской лошади.

The biodiversity reduction and the rapid disappearance of autochthonous farm animal breeds pose a real threat to the development of agriculture on a global scale. This is of particular importance in connection with climate change, an increase of anthropogenic pressure, and the accumulation of genotoxic human waste. The need to study the genetic resources of autochthonous breeds, as a rule, reproduced in areas of risky animal husbandry, is due not only to the tasks of their conservation, but also to study the mechanism of molecular genetic bases of adaptation to adverse environmental factors (in particular, in mammals).

The aim of the work is to select DNA markers characterized by high polymorphism and easily accessible enough for polylocus genotyping in the Karachai horse breed, characterized by high adaptation to mountain hypoxia.

Polymorphism of fragments of horse genomic DNA flanked by inverted sections of long terminal repeats of four endogenous retroviruses: SIRE-1, PawS5, BERV k-1 and BERV β-3 was evaluated as DNA markers.As a result of the research, data were obtained that the most polymorphic sections of the genomic DNA of the Karachai horse are short fragments flanked by inverted repeats of SIRE-1 and BERV β-3, which can be used to identify the intrabreed diversity of the genetic structure of the Karachai horse..

ДНК-маркерытранспозоныэндогенные ретровирусыгенотипированиеполиморфизмкарачаевская лошадьDNA-markerstransposonsendogenous retrovirusesgenotypingpolymorphismKarachai horseРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема Nº 1023083000004-7-4.1.1 «Генетические ресурсы карачаевской породы лошадей и карачаевской породы овец в разных эколого-географических зонах»).The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme No. 1023083000004-7-4.1.1 "Genetic resources of the Karachai breed of horses and the Karachai breed of sheep in different ecological and geographical zones").ReferencesHendrickson S.L. A genome wide study of genetic adaptation to high altitude in feral Andean Horses of the páramo. BMC Evol Biol. 2013; 17: 13: 273. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-273Hendrickson S.L. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.