vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2025-390-01-93-99vetpress-3420Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSСостояние исследований главного комплекса гистосовместимости (OLA) у овецStatus of research on the major histocompatibility complex (OLA) in sheephttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-8046МарзановаС. Н.MarzanovaS. N.

Саида Нурбиевна Марзанова,кандидат биологических наук, доцент

ул. Академика К.И. Скрябина, 23, Москва, 109472

Saida Nurbievna Marzanova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor

23 Акаdemik Skriabin Str., Moscow, 109472

s.marzanova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-2800ДевришовД. А.DevrishovD. A.

Давудай Абдулсемедович Девришов, доктор биологических наук, профессор

ул. Академика К.И. Скрябина, 23, Москва, 109472

Davuday Abdulsemedovich Devrishov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor

23 Акаdemik Skriabin Str., Moscow, 109472

davud@mgavm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-8977ФатаховК. Ф.FatakhovK. F.

Курбан Фатахович Фатахов, кандидат ветеринарных наук

ул. Академика К.И. Скрябина, 23, Москва, 109472

Kurban Fatakhovich Fatakhov, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences

23 Акаdemik Skriabin Str., Moscow, 109472

fat.kurban1995@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-6196МарзановН. С.MarzanovN. S.

Нурбий Сафарбиевич Марзанов, доктор биологических наук, профессор

пос. Дубровицы, 60, Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Nurbiy Safarbievich Marzanov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor

60 Dubrovitsy settlement, Podolsk, Moscow region, 142132

nmarzanov@yandex.ruМосковская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии — МВА им. К.И. СкрябинаРоссияMoscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology — MVA by K.I. SkryabinRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К.ЭрнстаРоссияL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation202529012025119399Copyright © Марзанова С.Н., Девришов Д.А., Фатахов К.Ф., Марзанов Н.С., 20252025Марзанова С.Н., Девришов Д.А., Фатахов К.Ф., Марзанов Н.С.Marzanova S.N., Devrishov D.A., Fatakhov K.F., Marzanov N.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3420

Актуальность. Изучение полиморфизма генов главного комплекса гистосовместимости, номенклатуры локусов, обозначения аллелей OLA у овец, ассоциативная связь с резистентностью или чувствительностью к паразитарным и инфекционным болезням.Цель исследования — состояние изученности главного комплекса гистосовместимости (OLA) у овец.В работе использовали системный анализ, статистический обзор литературных данных из российских и зарубежных источников по изученности главного комплекса гистосовместимости овец (OLA). По уровню изученности OLA овцы входят в десятку известных видов животных: приматы, собаки, кошки, лошади, овцы, козы, свиньи, крупный рогатый скот, лососи и мыши. OLA участвует в работе иммунной системы овец и кодирует белки распознавания чужеродных антигенов. Исследованиями ряда ученых показано, что гены OLA обладают значительным полиморфизмом наряду с другими генетическими маркерами. В связи с этим идет интенсивное формирование OLA номенклатуры (уже известны 10 локусов). Установлены локусы и аллели, определяющие устойчивость или чувствительность к паразитарным и другим болезням. Это позволит в дальнейшем вести отбор и формировать популяции устойчивых животных к определенным инфекционным началам. Знание генетической структуры в локусах DRB1 и DQB овец даст возможность разработать реагентно-программный комплекс для исследований по оценке уровня полиморфности OLA у различных пород овец. Генотипирование овец на ранних стадиях развития по генам главного комплекса гистосовместимости позволит выявлять животных, устойчивых или восприимчивых к заболеваниям.

Relevance. To study the polymorphism of genes of the main histocompatibility complex, the nomenclature of loci, the designation of OLA alleles in sheep, the associative relationship with resistance or sensitivity to parasitic and infectious diseases.The aim of the study is the state of knowledge of the main histocompatibility complex (OLA) in sheep.System analysis, statistical review of literature data from Russian and foreign sources on the study of sheep major histocompatibility complex (OLA) were used in this work. According to the level of study of OLA, sheep are among ten known animal species: primates, dogs, cats, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, salmon and mice. OLA is involved in the immune system of sheep and encodes foreign antigen recognition proteins. Studies by a number of scientists have shown that OLA genes have significant polymorphism, along with other genetic markers. In this regard, the OLA nomenclature is being intensively formed (10 loci are already known). The loci and alleles determining resistance or susceptibility to parasitic and other diseases have been identified. This will allow further selection and formation of populations of resistant animals to certain infectious origins. Knowledge of the genetic structure in DRB1 and DQB loci of sheep will make it possible to develop a reagent-software complex for studies to assess the level of OLA polymorphism in different breeds of sheep. Genotyping of sheep at early stages of development by genes of the main histocompatibility complex will make it possible to identify animals resistant or susceptible to diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.