vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2025-391-02-129-137vetpress-3459Research ArticleАГРОНОМИЯAGRONOMYРазнообразие фосформобилизующих, азотфиксирующих и патогенных бактерий в почвах возделываемых полей Свердловской областиDiversity of phosphate-solubilizing, nitrogen-fixing and pathogenic bacteria in soils of cultivated fields of the Sverdlovsk regionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2616-2166ЛиходеевскийГ. А.LihodeevskiyG. A.

Георгий Александрович Лиходеевский - младший научный сотрудник.

Ул. Главная, 21, Екатеринбург, 620061

Georgiy Aleksandrovich Lihodeevskiy - Junior Research Assistant.

21 Glavnaya Str., Yekaterinburg,620061

georglihodey@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-5818-3813ШанинаЕ. П.ShaninaE. P.

Елена Петровна Шанина - доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник.

Ул. Главная, 21, Екатеринбург, 620061

Elena Petrovna Shanina - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Сhief Researcher.

21 Glavnaya Str., Yekaterinburg,620061

shanina08@yandex.ruУральский федеральный аграрный научно-исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияUral Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20251802202502129137Copyright © Лиходеевский Г.А., Шанина Е.П., 20252025Лиходеевский Г.А., Шанина Е.П.Lihodeevskiy G.A., Shanina E.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3459Актуальность

Актуальность. Доступность органических веществ и патогенность среды — ключевые факторы для роста растений. Фосфатмобилизующие бактерии переводят фосфаты в доступную форму. Азотфиксирующие бактерии обеспечивают растения азотом. Бактериальные инфекции ослабляют растения и вызывают их гибель и потерю урожая. Современные технологии секвенирования ускоряют изучение микробного разнообразия. Цель работы — оценить присутствие фосфори азотмобилизующих бактерий, а также патогенов, поражающих картофель, на возделываемых угодьях Свердловской области.

Методы

Методы. В статье рассмотрены характеристика почв Свердловской области, их минеральный и органический состав и бактериальное разнообразие. Исследования проводились на дерново-подзолистых почвах, где определялись содержание гумуса, уровень кислотности и содержание питательных веществ. Анализ микробиологического состава почв включал секвенирование и фильтрацию данных 16S рРНК.

Результаты

Результаты. Было обнаружено, что бактерии, участвующие в мобилизации фосфора и фиксации азота, составляют значимую часть микробного сообщества, свыше 12% относительного обилия приходится на эти группы. Распределение этих бактерий по полям показало отсутствие значимых различий в их относительной численности и видовом составе. Не было обнаружено значимых корреляций между видовым богатством бактерий и минеральным составом почвы. Однако корреляционный анализ относительных обилий родов Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Phyllobacterium, Arthrobacter и Phyllobacterium продемонстрировал значимую связь этих родов к кислотности почвы, содержанию общего и легкогидролизуемого азота. Качественный анализ выявил наличие патогенных бактерий, вызывающих бактериозы картофеля, таких как Ralstonia solanacearum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Liberibacter crescens, Streptomyces sp.

Relevance

Relevance. The availability of organic substances and environmental pathogenicity are key factors in plant growth. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria convert phosphate to an available form, while nitrogen fixing bacteria provide nitrogen for plants. Bacterial infections can weaken plants, causing them to die or lose their crops. Modern sequencing technologies have accelerated the study of human microbial diversity.

The aim of this study was to assess the presence of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing bacteria, as well as pathogenic bacteria affecting potatoes in the cultivated areas of the Sverdlovsk region.

Methods

Methods. This article examines the characteristics of the soils in the Sverdlovsk area, their mineral and organic composition, and bacterial diversity. Studies were conducted on sodpodzolic soils where humus content, acidity levels, and nutrient content were measured. Analysis of the microbiological composition of the soil included sequencing and filtration of 16S rRNA data.

Results

Results. It was found that bacteria involved in phosphate mobilization and nitrogen fixation make up a significant portion of the microbial community, with more than 12% accounted for by these groups. The distribution of these bacteria across fields showed no significant difference in relative abundance or species composition. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between bacterial species richness and mineral composition of soil. However, correlation analysis of relative abundances of genera Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Phyllobacteri, Arthrobater and Phylobacter revealed a significant relationship between these genera and soil acidity and total and easily hydrolysable nitrogen content. Qualitative analysis also revealed the presence of pathogenic bacteria causing potato bacteriosis such as Ralstonia solanacearu, Pectobacterium carotovaru, Liberibacter crecens, Streptomyces spp.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.