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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2025-395-06-101-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-3697</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОНОМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование статистики каппа для оценки многолетних изменений внутрипольной неоднородности содержания доступных форм фосфора и калия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The use of Kappa statistics to assess long-term changes in the intrafield heterogeneity of the content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4339-9704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахабиев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakhabiev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильназ Алимович Сахабиев, кандидат биологических наук, доцент</p><p>ул. Кремлевская, 18, Казань, 420008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilnaz Alimovich Sakhabiev, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan, 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">IlnASahabiev@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-2209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гиниятуллин</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Giniyatullin</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камиль Гашикович Гиниятуллин, кандидат биологических наук, доцент</p><p>ул. Кремлевская, 18, Казань, 420008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kamil Gashikovich Giniyatullin, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan, 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ginijatullin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3081-7615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Васильевна Смирнова, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой</p><p>ул. Кремлевская, 18, Казань, 420008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Vasilyevna Smirnova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan, 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenavsmirnova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga region) Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сахабиев И.А., Гиниятуллин К.Г., Смирнова Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сахабиев И.А., Гиниятуллин К.Г., Смирнова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakhabiev I.A., Giniyatullin K.G., Smirnova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3697">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3697</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Внедрение роботизированной техники дифференцированного внесения удобрений делает востребованным изучение внутрипольной неоднородности обеспеченности пахотных угодий элементами питания. Необходимо оценивать структуру пространственной неоднородности и направленности изменений в длительной перспективе. Использование в разные годы разных методов определения доступных форм элементов питания затрудняет сопоставление многолетних данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Использовали многолетние (1965 г., 1987 г., 2021 г.) данные содержания подвижного фосфора (P2O5) и обменного калия (K2O) в почвах сортоиспытательного участка Республики Татарстан. Содержание P2O5 определяли по Труогу (1965 г.) и Кирсанову (1987 г., 2021 г.), а содержание K2O — по Масловой (1965 г., 1987 г.) и Кирсанову (2021 г.). Согласованность по оценке обеспеченности рассчитывали по коэффициенту согласия каппа Коэна.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Обеспеченность P2O5 по коэффициенту каппа показывает между 1965 г. и 1987 г. умеренное совпадение (κ = 0,45), между 1987 г. и 2021 г. — существенное совпадение (κ = 0,62). Обеспеченность K2O между 1965 г. и 1987 г. имеет очень слабое совпадение (κ = 0,10), между 1987 г. и 2021 г. — удовлетворительное совпадение (κ = 0,25). В отличие от P2O5, структура пространственной неоднородности обеспеченности K2O при длительном использовании сохраняется в слабой степени. Обеспеченность полей P2O5 и K2O с 1965 по 1987 г. существенно увеличилась, с 1987 по 2021 г. — уменьшилась. Внутрипольная вариабельность показателей с 1965 по 2021 г. увеличивалась от средней до высокой (до близкой к очень высокой (P2O5).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The introduction of robotic technology for differentiated application of fertilizers makes it necessary to study the intra-field heterogeneity of the availability of arable land with nutrients. It is necessary to evaluate the structure of spatial heterogeneity and the direction of changes in the long term. The use of different methods for determining available forms of nutrients in different years makes it difficult to compare long-term data.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Long-term (1965, 1987, 2021) data on the content of mobile phosphorus (P2O5) and exchangeable potassium (K2O) in the soils of the crop testing site of the Republic of Tatarstan were used. The P2O5 content was determined according to Truog (1965) and Kirsanov (1987, 2021), and the K2O content according to Maslova (1965, 1987) and Kirsanov (2021). Agreement in the assessment of availability was calculated using Cohen’s kappa coefficient.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The availability of P2O5 by the Kappa coefficient shows a moderate coincidence between 1965 and 1987 (κ = 0.45), and a significant coincidence between 1987 and 2021 (κ = 0.62). The availability of K2O between 1965 and 1987 has a very weak coincidence (κ = 0.10), between 1987 and 2021 — a satisfactory coincidence (κ = 0.25). In contrast to P2O5, the structure of spatial heterogeneity of K2O availability remains weak during prolonged use. The availability of P2O5 and K2O fields increased significantly from 1965 to 1987, and decreased from 1987 to 2021. The intra-field variability of the indicators increased from medium to high (to close to very high (P2O5) from 1965 to 2021.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подвижный фосфор</kwd><kwd>обменный калий</kwd><kwd>внутрипольная пространственная неоднородность</kwd><kwd>многолетняя динамика</kwd><kwd>статистика каппа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mobile phosphorus</kwd><kwd>exchangeable potassium</kwd><kwd>intrafield spatial heterogeneity</kwd><kwd>long-term dynamics</kwd><kwd>kappa statistics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет гранта Академии наук Республики Татарстан, предоставленного молодым кандидатам наук (постдокторантам) с целью защиты докторской диссертации, выполнения научно-исследовательских работ, а также выполнения трудовых функций в научных и образовательных организациях Республики Татарстан в рамках государственной программы Республики Татарстан «Научно-технологическое развитие Республики Татарстан» (соглашение № 39/2024-ПД).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, provided to young candidates of sciences (postdoctoral fellows) for the purpose of defending their doctoral dissertation, performing research, as well as performing labor functions in scientific and educational organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan within the framework of the State Program of the Republic of Tatarstan “Scientific and Technological Development of the Republic of Tatarstan” (аgreement No. 39/2024-PD).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фрид А.С. 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