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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2025-396-07-77-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-3743</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOTECHNICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование лактационных кривых удоя, компонентов молока и метаболитов обмена веществ коров голштинской породы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling of milk yield lactation curves, milk components, and metabolic metabolites of Holstein cows</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-1404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карликова</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karlikova</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Геннадьевна Карликова, доктор сельскохозяйственых наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina Gennadievna Karlikova, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher</p><p>60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karlikovagalina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лашнева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lashnevа</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Сермягин, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, директор</p><p>Московское шоссе, 55А, г. Пушкин, г. Санкт-Петербург, 196601</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Alexandrovich Sermyagin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Director </p><p>55А Moskovskoe shosse, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex_sermyagin85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сермягин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sermyagin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Алексеевна Лашнева, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий специалист </p><p>пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Alekseevna Lashneva, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Specialist</p><p>60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lashnevaira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ&#13;
им. академика Л.К. Эрнста</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных — филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводств — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карликова Г.Г., Лашнева И.А., Сермягин А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карликова Г.Г., Лашнева И.А., Сермягин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karlikova G.G., Lashnevа I.A., Sermyagin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3743">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3743</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы встречается множество исследований популяционного характера, посвященных анализу компонентного состава молока коров, нацеленных на более детальное изучение изменчивости показателей под влиянием генетических и средовых факторов. Исследовательскую базу составили наблюдения из 14 племенных стад голштинского скота. Популяционно-генетические исследования компонентов состава молока коров проводили в периоды контрольных доений (общее число образцов молока более 36 тыс. шт.). С показателями таких биомаркеров, как ацетон, БГБ и мочевина, были исследованы 11,5 тыс. голов животных. На основе использования нелинейной функции проведено моделирование лактационных кривых суточного удоя, основных компонентов молока и метаболитов обмена веществ. Стандартная форма описания лактационной кривой показала самый большой уровень точности — 93,5%, в то же время процентное содержание жира и белка описывает обратные формы. Коэффициент детерминации содержания массовой доли белка в течение лактации составил 83,9%, а жира — лишь 63,7%. Вместе с тем процент достоверности модели лактационной кривой содержания массовой доли лактозы составил 68,4%. Содержание следов молярной концентрации мочевины в молоке моделируется несколько хуже, а коэффициент детерминации равен 46,8%. Достоверность модели стандартных лактационных кривых для следов ацетона и БГБ в молоке коров голштинской породы составила 41,6% и 26,0% соответственно. Результаты анализа динамики изменения удоя и применение разработанных регрессионных уравнений лактационных кривых продемонстрировали перспективность их использования для низконаследуемых признаков с целью определения функциональных качеств животных в разрезе течения лактации по периодам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, there have been many population-based studies devoted to the analysis of the component composition of cow’s milk, aimed at a more detailed study of the variability of indicators under the influence of genetic and environmental factors. The research base consisted of observations from 14 breeding herds of Holstein cattle. Population-genetic studies of the components of cow’s milk were carried out during the control milking periods (the total number of milk samples is more than 36 thousand pieces). 11.5 thousand heads of animals were examined with indicators of biomarkers such as acetone, BGB and urea. Based on the use of a nonlinear function, the lactation curves of daily milk yield, the main components of milk and metabolites of metabolism were modeled. The standard form of the lactation curve description showed the highest level of accuracy — 93.5%, while the percentage of fat and protein describe the opposite forms. The coefficient of determination of the content of the mass fraction of protein during lactation was 83.9%, and fat — only 63.7%. At the same time, the percentage of reliability of the lactation curve model for the content of the mass fraction of lactose was 68.4%. The content of traces of molar urea concentration in milk is modeled somewhat worse, and the coefficient of determination is 46.8%. The reliability of the model of standard lactation curves for traces of acetone and BGB in the milk of Holstein cows was 41.6% and 26.0%, respectively. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of milk yield changes and the application of the developed regression equations of lactation curves demonstrated the prospects of their use for low-heritable traits in order to determine the functional qualities of animals in the context of the course of lactation by period.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>надои</kwd><kwd>продолжительность лактации</kwd><kwd>кривая лактации</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>компоненты молока</kwd><kwd>метаболизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>milk yield</kwd><kwd>lactation duration</kwd><kwd>lactation curve</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>milk components</kwd><kwd>metabolism</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках госзадания FGGN-2024-0013 .</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the state task FGGN-2024-0013.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудинов А.А., Смарагдов М.Г. 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