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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2025-397-08-58-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-3788</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOTECHNICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Способы проведения ПЦР в реальном времени для генотипирования крупного рогатого скота по анализируемым SNP-маркерам гена iNOS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methods of conducting real-time PCR for genotyping cattle by analyzed SNP markers of the iNOS gene</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-0053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вафин</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vafin</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамиль Ришадович Вафин, доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, научный консультант </p><p>Рязанский пр-т, 24, Москва, 109428</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ramil Rishadovich Vafin, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of RAS, Scientific Consultant </p><p>24 Ryazan Ave., Moscow, 109428</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vafin-ramil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7053-6925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильманов</surname><given-names>Х. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmanov</surname><given-names>Kh. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хамид Халимович Гильманов, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник </p><p>Рязанский пр-т, 24, Москва, 109428</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khamid Khalimovich Gilmanov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher </p><p>24 Ryazan Ave., Moscow, 109428</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gilmanov.xx@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр — Всероссийский научноисследовательский институт экспериментальной ветеринарии им. К.И. Скрябина и Я.Р. Коваленко Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вафин Р.Р., Гильманов Х.Х., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вафин Р.Р., Гильманов Х.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vafin R.R., Gilmanov K.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3788">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3788</self-uri><abstract><p>Современное развитие генетико-селекционных технологий требует углубленного изучения молекулярно-генетических механизмов, определяющих устойчивость крупного рогатого скота к лейкозу. В этом контексте исследование полиморфизма гена iNOS Bos taurus представляет особую научную и практическую значимость, поскольку его результаты могут быть использованы для совершенствования селекционных программ, направленных на повышение как продуктивности животных, так и их резистентности к хроническим инфекционным заболеваниям. Цель настоящего исследования — разработка способов проведения ПЦР в реальном времени в формате гибридизационно-флуоресцентной детекции однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов для генотипирования крупного рогатого скота по SNP-маркерам AH13-1 и AH13-6 гена iNOS. Дизайн модифицированных и немодифицированных олигонуклеотидов, формирующих для определенного полиморфного маркера свой набор из 5′-флуоресцентно-меченых аллель-специфических праймеров, анти-праймера, меченого гасителем флуоресценции с 3′-конца олигонуклеотида, а также общего праймера, выполнен в программе OligoAnalyzer 1.2. Разработанные способы, протестированные в данной работе, относятся к разновидности анти-праймер-опосредованной количественной ПЦР в реальном времени, гибридизационно-флуоресцентный формат детекции которой обеспечивает корректную интерпретацию данных кривых роста сигнала флуоресценции. Их достоверность подкреплена ПЦР-ПДРФ-анализом с подобранными праймерами и эндонуклеазами рестрикции, тоже способными к идентификации генотипов искомых SNP-маркеров. При этом предложенные способы проведения ПЦР в реальном времени по сравнению с ПЦР-ПДРФ-анализом более экспрессны, так как не требуют времязатратных процедур эндонуклеазного расщепления и последующего электрофоретического разделения генерируемых фрагментов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern development of genetic and selection technologies requires in-depth study of molecular genetic mechanisms determining cattle resistance to leukemia. In this context, the study of the iNOS gene polymorphism in Bos taurus is of particular scientific and practical importance, since its results can be used to improve breeding programs aimed at increasing both animal productivity and their resistance to chronic infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to develop methods for real-time PCR in the format of hybridization-fluorescence detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms for genotyping cattle by SNP markers AH13-1 and AH13-6 of the iNOS gene. The design of modified and unmodified oligonucleotides forming for a certain polymorphic marker their own set of 5′-fluorescently labeled allele-specific primers, an anti-primer labeled with a fluorescence quencher from the 3′-end of the oligonucleotide, and a common primer was performed in the OligoAnalyzer 1.2 program. The developed methods tested in this work belong to a variety of anti-primer-mediated quantitative real-time PCR, the hybridization-fluorescence detection format of which ensures correct interpretation of the fluorescence signal growth curve data. Their reliability is supported by PCR-RFLP analysis with selected primers and restriction endonucleases, which are also capable of identifying the genotypes of the sought SNP markers. Moreover, the proposed methods for conducting real-time PCR are more expressive compared to PCR-RFLP analysis, since they do not require time-consuming procedures of endonuclease cleavage and subsequent electrophoretic separation of the generated fragments.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>iNOS</kwd><kwd>Bos taurus</kwd><kwd>SNP-маркеры</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>ПДРФ</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>iNOS</kwd><kwd>Bos taurus</kwd><kwd>SNP markers</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>RFLP</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-76-10011. https://rscf.ru/project/22-76-10011/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation No. 22-76-10011. https://rscf.ru/project/22-76-10011/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lemal P., May K., König S., Schroyen M., Gengler N. 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