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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2025-398-09-69-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-3829</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOTECHNICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перспективные гены-кандидаты ассоциированные с продуктивностью молочных коз</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Promising candidate genes associated with dairy goat productivity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-6621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суров</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Иванович Суров, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Никонова, 49, Михайловск, Ставропольский край, 356241</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Ivanovich Surov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Chief Researcher</p><p>49 Nikonov Str., Mikhailovsk, Stavropol Territory, 356241</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">surov.stv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7740-450X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степаненко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Александровна Степаненко, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Никонова, 49, Михайловск, Ставропольский край, 356241</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria Alexandrovna Stepanenko, Junior Researcher</p><p>49 Nikonov Str., Mikhailovsk, Stavropol Territory, 356241</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepanenko-lera@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8466-6092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галанова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galanova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Сергеевна Галанова, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Никонова, 49, Михайловск, Ставропольский край, 356241</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Sergeevna Galanova, Junior Researcher</p><p>49 Nikonov Str., Mikhailovsk, Stavropol Territory, 356241</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kate1726@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7560-3890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синякина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyakina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Синякина, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Никонова, 49, Михайловск, Ставропольский край, 356241</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Vladimirovna Sinyakina, Junior Researcher</p><p>49 Nikonov Str., Mikhailovsk, Stavropol Territory, 356241</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noctuaspei@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-4434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Дмитриевна Карпова, кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией перспективных молочных ресурсов</p><p>ул. Никонова, 49, Михайловск, Ставропольский край, 356241</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Dmitrievna Karpova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Advanced Dairy Resources</p><p>49 Nikonov Str., Mikhailovsk, Stavropol Territory, 356241</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karpova@fnac.center</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasus Federal Agrarian Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Суров А.И., Степаненко В.А., Галанова Е.С., Синякина Е.В., Карпова Е.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суров А.И., Степаненко В.А., Галанова Е.С., Синякина Е.В., Карпова Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Surov A.I., Stepanenko V.A., Galanova E.S., Sinyakina E.V., Karpova E.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3829">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3829</self-uri><abstract><p>Понимание генетических факторов, определяющих качественные и количественные характеристики молока, играет ключевую роль в формировании высокопродуктивных популяций коз молочного направления. В последние годы использование генетических маркеров становится неотъемлемой частью селекционного процесса, позволяя существенно ускорить отбор животных с ценными хозяйственными признаками. Настоящая работа представляет аналитический обзор актуальных отечественных и зарубежных исследований, направленных на поиск и изучение генов-кандидатов, ассоциированных с молочной продуктивностью коз. Особое внимание уделяется маркерам, связанным с удоем, составом и технологическими свойствами молока, а также длительностью лактации. Среди наиболее значимых генов выделяются CSN1S1, CSN2 и CSN3, кодирующие казеиновые белки и определяющие уровень белка и качество молока. Большую роль играют DGAT1 и DGAT2, влияющие на синтез триглицеридов и содержание жира, а также POU1F1, IGF-1 и PPARG, регулирующие эндокринные механизмы роста, обмена веществ и лактации. Помимо них, в разных исследованиях идентифицирован широкий спектр других потенциальных генов-кандидатов, вовлеченных в регуляцию липидного и белкового обмена, клеточных сигнальных путей и физиологических процессов, связанных с молочной продуктивностью. Анализ данных, полученных на различных породах коз (зааненской, альпийской, тоггенбургской, нубийской, карачаевской, китайской и др.), подтверждает значимость молекулярно-генетических подходов для совершенствования селекционных программ. Использование маркеров в практическом козоводстве позволит не только увеличить объемы производства молока, но и обеспечить его высокое качество, что имеет важное значение для устойчивого развития отрасли.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Understanding the genetic factors that determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of milk plays a crucial role in the development of highly productive dairy goat populations. In recent years, the use of genetic markers has become an integral part of breeding programs, allowing for a significant acceleration in the selection of animals with valuable production traits. This article provides an analytical review of current national and international studies aimed at identifying and characterizing candidate genes associated with dairy performance in goats. Particular attention is given to genetic markers linked to milk yield, composition, technological properties, and lactation persistency. Among the most significant genes are CSN1S1, CSN2, and CSN3, encoding casein proteins that strongly influence protein content and milk quality. Equally important are DGAT1 and DGAT2, which regulate triglyceride synthesis and fat content, as well as POU1F1, IGF-1, and PPARG, which control endocrine mechanisms of growth, metabolism, and lactation. In addition, a wide range of other candidate genes has been identified, involved in lipid and protein metabolism, cellular signaling pathways, and physiological processes underlying milk production. The analysis of data obtained in various breeds, including Saanen, Alpine, Toggenburg, Nubian, Karachai, and Chinese goats, highlights the relevance of molecular-genetic approaches in improving breeding programs. The implementation of marker-assisted selection in dairy goat husbandry will not only increase milk yield but also ensure high product quality, which is essential for the sustainable development of the industry.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молочные козы</kwd><kwd>гены-кандидаты</kwd><kwd>генетические маркеры</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>молочная продуктивность</kwd><kwd>качество молока</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dairy goats</kwd><kwd>candidate genes</kwd><kwd>genetic markers</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd><kwd>milk production</kwd><kwd>milk quality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeder M.A., Hesse B. The initial domestication of goats (Capra hircus) in the Zagros Mountains 10,000 years ago. 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