vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2025-399-10-110-120vetpress-3867Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSГенетическая изоляция и идентичность свиней коммерческих пород и мангалицыGenetic isolation and identity in pigs of rassian and foreign populationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7533-4281БелоусА. А.BelousA. A.

Анна Александровна Белоус - кандидат биологических наук, доцент, директор,

пос. им. Воровского, ул. им. Сергеева, 24, Ногинский р-н, Московская обл., 142460

Anna Alexandrovna Belous - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Docent, Director,

24 Sergeev Str., Vorovsky village, Noginsky district, Moscow region, 142460

belousa663@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8067-0404ХарзиноваВ. Р.KharzinovaV. R.

Вероника Руслановна Харзинова - кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научныйсотрудник, заведующая лабораторией ДНК-технологий в животноводстве,

пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Veronika Ruslanovna Kharzinova - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher,Head of the Laboratory of DNA Technologies in Animal Husbandry,

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

veronika0784@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1061-2715ЧурбаковаН. А.ChurbakovaN. A.

Надежда Александровна Чурбакова - аспирант, младший научный сотрудник,

пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Churbakova - Graduate Student, Junior Research,

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

nadushik95@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-6863ЗиновьеваН. А.ZinovievaN. A.

Наталия Анатольевна Зиновьева - доктор биологических наук, профессор, академикРоссийской академии наук, директор,

пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Natalia Anatolyevna Zinovieva - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academicianof the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director,

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

n_zinovieva@mail.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт интегрированного рыбоводства — филиал Федерального исследовательского центра животноводства ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Integrated Fish Farming — branch of L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation202502112025010110120Copyright © Белоус А.А., Харзинова В.Р., Чурбакова Н.А., Зиновьева Н.А., 20252025Белоус А.А., Харзинова В.Р., Чурбакова Н.А., Зиновьева Н.А.Belous A.A., Kharzinova V.R., Churbakova N.A., Zinovieva N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3867

Современное свиноводство балансирует между интенсивным производством на основе высокопродуктивных пород (ландрас, крупная белая, дюрок) и сохранением генетического разнообразия аборигенных пород, таких как венгерская мангалица. Данное исследование направлено на выявление геномных различий между этими группами с использованием полногеномного генотипирования (PorcineHD BeadChip, 66 763 SNP) и анализа генетической дифференциации (Fst). При сравнении пород дюрок и мангалица выявлены 67 SNP и 118 генов, включая AHI1 (эмбриональное развитие), APLP2 (толщина шпика), HECTD2 (мясные качества) и VDAC1 (репродукция). Между крупной белой и породой мангалица обнаружены 97% сходства, идентифицированы 228 генов, среди которых MAPK4 (рост), RPAP3 (иммунитет), MGAT5 (внутримышечный жир) и EXOC4 (число сосков). Между породами ландрас и мангалица идентифицированы 82% сходства, обнаружены 195 генов, включая PTPRD (качество мяса), ITGA9 (устойчивость к АЧС) и NCAM2 (однородность потомства). Исследование вносит вклад в понимание генетических механизмов фенотипической изменчивости и предлагает инструменты для повышения эффективности селекции в свиноводстве.

Modern pig production balances between intensive farming using high-performance breeds (Landrace, Large White, Duroc) and the conservation of genetic diversity in native breeds such as the Hungarian Mangalica. This study aims to identify genomic differences between these groups using whole-genome genotyping (PorcineHD BeadChip, 66,763 SNPs) and analysis of genetic differentiation (Fst). Duroc vs. Mangalica: 67 SNPs and 118 genes, including AHI1 (embryonic development), APLP2 (backfat thickness), HECTD2 (meat quality), and VDAC1 (reproduction). A 97% similarity was found between the Large White and Mangalitsa breeds, with 228 genes identified, including MAPK4 (growth), RPAP3 (immunity), MGAT5 (intramuscular fat) and EXOC4 (nipple number). Between the Landrace and Mangalitsa breeds, 82% similarity was identified, 195 genes were found, including PTPRD (meat quality), ITGA9 (ASF resistance) and NCAM2 (offspring uniformity). The study contributes to the understanding of genetic mechanisms of phenotypic variability and offers tools for improving the efficiency of selection in pig production.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.