vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2025-400-11-48-53vetpress-3892Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSСтероидогенная активность яичников коров в зависимости от результативности искусственного осеменения и полиморфизма гена DIO1Steroidogenic activity of bovine ovaries depending on the effectiveness of artificial insemination and DIO1 gene polymorphismhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-5088МитяшоваО. С.MityashovaO. S.

 Ольга Сергеевна Митяшова - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник

пос. Дубровицы, 60, Подольск, Московская обл., 142132 

 Olga Sergeevna Mityashova - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher 

 60 Dubrovitsy village, Podolsk, Moscow region, 142132 

mityashova_o@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-7900ЛебедеваИ. Ю.LebedevaI. Yu.

 Ирина Юрьевна Лебедева - доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией биологических проблем репродукции животных 

 пос. Дубровицы, 60, Подольск, Московская обл., 142132 

 Irina Yurievna Lebedeva - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Biological Problems of Animal Reproduction 

 60 Dubrovitsy village, Podolsk, Moscow region, 142132 

irledv@mail.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation2025191120250114853Copyright © Митяшова О.С., Лебедева И.Ю., 20252025Митяшова О.С., Лебедева И.Ю.Mityashova O.S., Lebedeva I.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3892

Актуальность. Низкая фертильность молочных коров связана с эмбриональной смертностью, которая зависит от баланса половых стероидных гормонов, взаимодействующих с гормонами щитовидной железы. Полиморфизм гена DIO1, отвечающего за метаболизм тиреоидных гормонов, влияет на репродуктивную функцию.Методы. Для изучения динамики содержания в крови прогестерона (Р4) и эстрадиола-17β (Е2) в связи с результативностью искусственного осеменения и полиморфизмом гена DIO1 были использованы 30 коров черно-пестрой породы 2–4-го отела. Взятие крови проводили в день осеменения и через 7, 14, 21 и 33 дня. Концентрацию гормонов в сыворотке крови определяли методом ИФА. На 33-й день (по результатам УЗИ) коровы были разделены на группы — стельные (n = 18) и нестельные (n = 12). Методом ПЦР-РВ были определены три генотипа животных: CC (n = 13), CG (n = 10) и GG (n = 7).Результаты. После плодотворного осеменения концентрация P4 в крови коров непрерывно возрастала (в 13,7 раза) в течение пяти недель, тогда как при безрезультативном осеменении ее повышение (в 5,9 раза) наблюдалось только между 21 и 33 днями. При этом уровень Е2 в день осеменения был в 1,4 раза выше у нестельных, чем у стельных особей. Кроме того, в течение трех недель после осеменения содержание Е2 в крови коров с генотипом CG в 1,5–1,9 раза превышало таковое у животных с генотипом СС. Полученные результаты будут полезны для совершенствования прогностической оценки и ранней диагностики результативности искусственного осеменения коров.

Relevance. Low fertility of dairy cows is associated with embryonic mortality, which depends on the balance of sex steroids interacting with thyroid hormones. Polymorphism of the DIO1 gene, responsible for the metabolism of thyroid hormones, also affects reproductive function.Methods. To study the dynamics of the progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2) blood content in connection with the effectiveness of artificial insemination and the DIO1 gene polymorphism, 30 black-and-white cows of the second to fourth calving were used. Blood sampling was performed on the day of insemination and after 7, 14, 21 and 33 days. The concentration of the hormones in the blood serum was determined by ELISA. On the 33rd day, based on the ultrasound results, the cows were divided into groups — pregnant (n = 18) and non-pregnant (n = 12). Using the qPCR method, three genotypes of animals were determined: CC (n = 13), CG (n = 10) and GG (n = 7).Results. After successful insemination, the P4 concentration in the cows’ blood increased continuously (13.7 times) for 5 weeks, whereas after unsuccessful insemination its increase (5.9 times) was observed only between days 21 and 33. Concurrently, the level of E2 on the day of insemination was 1.4 times higher in non-pregnant animals than in pregnant animals. Besides, within 3 weeks after insemination, the E2 content in the blood of cows with the CG genotype was 1.5-1.9 times higher than that in animals with the CC genotype. The findings will be useful for improving the prognostic assessment and early diagnostics of the artificial insemination effectiveness in cows.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.