vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2025-400-11-54-59vetpress-3893Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSОценка генетического разнообразия популяций северных оленей (Rangifer tarandus): крупномасштабный скрининг полиморфизмов гена миостатинаAssessing genetic diversity in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) populations: a large-scale screening of myostatin gene polymorphismshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8067-0404ХарзиноваВ. Р.KharzinovaV. R.

 Вероника Руслановна Харзинова - кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией ДНК-технологий в животноводстве 

 пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132 

 Veronika Ruslanovna Kharzinova - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of DNA technologies in animal husbandry

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132 

veronika0784@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1061-2715ЧурбаковаН. А.ChurbakovaN. A.

 Надежда Александровна Чурбакова - аспирант, младший научный сотрудник 

 пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132 

 Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Churbakova - Graduate Student, Junior Research 

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132 

nadushik95@mail.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. ЭрнстРоссияL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation2025191120250115459Copyright © Харзинова В.Р., Чурбакова Н.А., 20252025Харзинова В.Р., Чурбакова Н.А.Kharzinova V.R., Churbakova N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3893

Северный олень (Rangifer tarandus L.) — ключевой вид циркумполярных экосистем, имеющий важное хозяйственное значение для коренных народов Севера. Несмотря на длительную историю взаимодействия с человеком, вопросы генетической дифференциации между домашними и дикими популяциями остаются дискуссионными. В данной работе впервые проведен массовый скрининг полиморфизмов гена миостатина (MSTN) с последующей оценкой уровня генетической дифференциации популяций домашних и диких северных оленей. Исследованная выборка (n = 958) представлена особями домашних (ненецкая, эвенская, эвенкийская, чукотская породы, тувинская и монгольская популяции) и диких (тундровая и таежная формы) северных оленей из биоресурсной коллекции сБРК СХЖ ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста. Методом ПЦР в реальном времени получены генотипы SNP (g. 1132348) гена MSTN. В результате проведенный анализ распределения генотипов и аллелей таргетного SNP выявил значимые межпопуляционные различия: домашние олени демонстрировали вариабельное распределение аллелей: A — 43,5–60,2%, G — 56,5–65,4%, тогда как у диких популяций доминировал аллель A — 67,8–71,1%. Гомозиготный вариант генотипа AA преобладал в дикой (46,1%) популяции по сравнению с домашней (17,95%), что может отражать адаптацию к естественным условиям. Полученные впервые данные вносят вклад в понимание эволюционной динамики вида и представляют ценность для разработки стратегий сохранения генетического разнообразия, внедрения маркер-ассоциированной селекции и формирования научно обоснованных программ управления генетическими ресурсами северного оленя.

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) is a keystone species of circumpolar ecosystems with significant economic importance for indigenous northern peoples. Despite its long history of interaction with humans, questions regarding genetic differentiation between domestic and wild populations remain debated. This study presents the first mass screening of polymorphisms of the myostatin gene (MSTN) with subsequent assessment of the level of genetic differentiation between populations of domestic and wild reindeer. The study sample (n = 958) included individuals of domestic breeds (Nenets, Even, Evenki, Chukchi) and populations (Tuva, Mongolian), as well as the wild forms (tundra and taiga) from the bioresource collection of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. Realtime PCR was used to genotype the target SNP (g. 1132348) in the MSTN gene. An analysis of genotype and allele distribution revealed significant interpopulation differences: domestic reindeer showed variable allele frequencies: A — 43,5–60,2%, G — 56,5–65,4%), while wild populations predominantly carried the A allele — 67,8–71,1%. The homozygous AA genotype was more frequent in wild (46,1%) than domestic (17,95%) populations, potentially reflecting adaptation to natural environments. These first-reported findings contribute to understanding the evolutionary dynamics of the species and are valuable for the developing genetic diversity conservation strategies, implementing marker-assisted selection and formulating sciencebased genetic resource management programs for reindeer

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.