vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2026-402-01-51-61vetpress-3968Research ArticleВЕТЕРИНАРИЯVETERINARY MEDICINEМикробиом семенной жидкости Bos taurus: таксономическое разнообразие, влияние на фертильность и потенциал пробиотической модуляцииSemen liquid microbiome of Bos taurus: taxonomic diversity, impact on fertility, and potential for probiotic modulationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-5105ЙылдырымЕ. А.YildirimE. A.

Елена Александровна Йылдырым, доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры крупного животноводстваглавный биотехнолог молекулярно-генетической лаборатории

Петербургское шоссе, 2, Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург, 196601

бульвар Загребский, 19, корп. 1,  Санкт-Петербург, 192284

Elena Alexandrovna Yildirim, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Large-scale Animal Husbandry; Chief Biotechnologist of the Molecular Genetics  Laboratory

2 Peterburgskoye shosse, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601

19 Zagrebsky Boulevard, building 1, Saint Petersburg, 192284

deniz@biotrof.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8789-9837ФилипповаВ. А.FilippovaV. A.

Валентина Анатольевна Филиппова, старший преподаватель кафедры крупного животноводства, биотехнолог

Петербургское шоссе, 2, Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург, 196601

бульвар Загребский, 19, корп. 1,  Санкт-Петербург, 192284

Valentina Anatolyevna Filippova, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Large-scale Animal Husbandry; Biotechnologist

2 Peterburgskoye shosse, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601

19 Zagrebsky Boulevard, building 1, Saint Petersburg, 192284

filippova@biotrof.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-6839СоколоваК. А.SokolovaK. A.

Ксения Андреевна Соколова, ассистент кафедры крупного животноводства; биотехнолог

Петербургское шоссе, 2, Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург, 196601

бульвар Загребский, 19, корп. 1,  Санкт-Петербург, 192284

Ksenia Andreevna Sokolova, Assistant of the Department of Large Animal Husbandry; Biotechnologis

2 Peterburgskoye shosse, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601

19 Zagrebsky Boulevard, building 1, Saint Petersburg, 192284

ksenya.k.a@biotrof.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-4594КорочкинаЕ. А.KorochkinaE. A.

Елена Александровна Корочкина, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор кафедры генетических и репродуктивных биотехнологий

 ул. Черниговская, 5, Санкт-Петербург, 196084

Elena Aleksandrovna Korochkina, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor of the Department  of Genetic and Reproductive Biotechnology

5 Chernigovskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 196084

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1526-3273ФинагеевЕ. Ю.FinageevE. Yu.

Евгений Юрьевич Финагеев, кандидат ветеринарных наук, ассистент кафедры генетических и репродуктивных биотехнологий 

 ул. Черниговская, 5, Санкт-Петербург, 196084

Evgeny Yurievich Finageev, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Genetic and Reproductive Biotechnology 

5 Chernigovskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 196084

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3623-0156ШубинаМ. А.ShubinaM. A.

Мария Александровна Шубина, студент

 ул. Черниговская, 5, Санкт-Петербург, 196084

Maria Aleksandrovna Shubina, Student

5 Chernigovskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 196084

Maris.shubi@yandex.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет; ООО «БИОТРОФ+»РоссияSt. Petersburg State Agrarian University; “BIOTROF+” LtdRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медициныРоссияSaint Petersburg State University of Veterinary MedicineRussian Federation202626012026115161Copyright © Йылдырым Е.А., Филиппова В.А., Соколова К.А., Корочкина Е.А., Финагеев Е.Ю., Шубина М.А., 20262026Йылдырым Е.А., Филиппова В.А., Соколова К.А., Корочкина Е.А., Финагеев Е.Ю., Шубина М.А.Yildirim E.A., Filippova V.A., Sokolova K.A., Korochkina E.A., Finageev E.Y., Shubina M.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3968

Актуальность исследования микробиома спермы быков обусловлена высокой значимостью воспроизводства в животноводстве, проблемами контаминации семени патогенами и необходимостью повышения эффективности искусственного осеменения. Представлен обзор таксономических групп микроорганизмов, присутствующих в семенной жидкости быков-производителей. В обзоре освещены причины низкой исследованности микробиоты семени быков, сфокусировано внимание на преимуществах современных молекулярных технологий, таких как секвенирование 16S рРНК, позволяющих точнее определить спектр микроорганизмов и исследовать их роль в репродуктивной системе. Отмечено разнообразие микробиоты, включающей филумы Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria и Fusobacteria, представители которых, по всей вероятности, способны оказывать разнообразное влияние на качество семени и фертильность. Доказано, что, несмотря на установленное влияние микробиома репродуктивной системы на фертильность и качество спермы, подтвержденное исследованиями на людях и других видах продуктивных животных, на сегодняшний день отсутствуют специальные научные публикации, детально рассматривающие роль микробиома семени именно у быков и его влияние на соответствующие репродуктивные показатели. В обзоре рассмотрены внешние факторы, влияющие на состав микробиома, такие как кормление, сезон года и условия содержания животных. Сделан вывод, что использование пробиотиков в кормлении быков-производителей является перспективным направлением и экологически безопасным способом оптимизации микробиоты и улучшения репродуктивной функции, повышающий качество семени и фертильность и снижающий потребность в антибиотиках.

The relevance of studying the microbiome of bull semen is due to the high importance of reproduction in animal husbandry, the problems of semen contamination with pathogens, and the need to improve the efficiency of artificial insemination. This review provides an overview of the taxonomic groups of microorganisms present in the seminal fluid of bulls. The review highlights the reasons for the limited research on the microbiota of bull semen and focuses on the advantages of modern molecular technologies, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, which allow for a more accurate determination of the microbial spectrum and their role in the reproductive system. The microbiota is diverse, including the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria, which are likely to have a variety of effects on seed quality and fertility. It has been proven that despite the established influence of the reproductive system microbiome on fertility and sperm quality, which has been confirmed by studies on humans and other species of productive animals, there are currently no specific scientific publications that examine in detail the role of the seminal microbiome in bulls and its impact on relevant reproductive indicators. This review explores the external factors that influence the composition of the microbiome, such as feeding, season, and animal management practices. It was concluded that the use of probiotics in the feeding of bulls is a promising and environmentally friendly way to optimize the microbiota and improve reproductive function, increasing the quality of semen and fertility and reducing the need for antibiotics.

семенная жидкостьмикробиотабыки-производителифертильностьпробиотикиNGS-секвенирование16S рРНКвысевы на питательные средыseminal fluidmicrobiotabullsfertilityprobioticsNGS-sequencing16S rRNAculture mediaИсследования поддержаны грантом РНФ № 25-76-10066 «Поиск микробиологических маркеров фертильности быковпроизводителей с целью разработки биологического способа эффективной реализации их генетического потенциала».The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 25-76-10066 “Search for microbiological markers of fertility in bulls in order to develop a biological method for effectively realizing their genetic potential.”ReferencesАбилов А.И., Козменков П.Л., Иолчиев Б.С., Устименко А.В. Качественные характеристики замороженно-оттаянного семени (обычное и разделенное по полу) у быков-производителей голштинской черно-пестрой породы и возраст полового созревания полученных от них тёлочек. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.