vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2026-402-01-113-120vetpress-3975Research ArticleАГРОНОМИЯAGRONOMYСнижение токсичного влияния ионов свинца на Triticum aestivum L. и Sinapis alba L. под действием штамма B. licheniformis RZn в модели in vitroReducing the toxic effect of lead ions on Triticum aestivum L. and Sinapis alba L. under the action of the B. licheniformis RZn strain in an in vitro modelhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-3117СизенцовА. Н.SizentsovA. N.

Алексей Николаевич Сизенцов кандидат биологических наук, доцент

пр-т Победы, 13, Оренбург, 460018

Alexey Nikolaevich Sizentsov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor 

13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018

asizen@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8901-1798СальниковаЕ. В.SalnikovaE. V.

Сальникова доктор биологических наук, доцент

пр-т Победы, 13, Оренбург, 460018

Elena Vladimirovna Salnikova Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor 

13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018

salnikova_ev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-2766ОсиповаЕ. А.OsipovaE. A.

Елена Александровна Осипова кандидат химических наук

пр-т Победы, 13, Оренбург, 460018

Elena Alexandrovna Osipova Candidate of Chemical Sciences 

13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018

kudryavceva.elen@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-6276БулгаковаМ. А.BulgakovaM. A.

Марина Александровна Булгакова кандидат биологических наук, доцент

пр-т Победы, 13, Оренбург, 460018

Marina Aleksandrovna Bulgakova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor

13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018

biosu@mail.ruОренбургский государственный университетРоссияOrenburg State UniversityRussian Federation20262601202611113120Copyright © Сизенцов А.Н., Сальникова Е.В., Осипова Е.А., Булгакова М.А., 20262026Сизенцов А.Н., Сальникова Е.В., Осипова Е.А., Булгакова М.А.Sizentsov A.N., Salnikova E.V., Osipova E.A., Bulgakova M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/3975

Загрязнение окружающей среды тяжелыми металлами, в том числе и ксенобиотическими элементами с высокими кумулятивными характеристиками, является актуальной проблемой в настоящее время. Приоритетным загрязнителем первого класса опасности является свинец, который попадает в окружающую среду с удобрениями и в результате технологических выбросов (пыли, паров, растворов), которые легко оседают на поверхности почвы и воды.

В качестве эффективного сорбента подвижных форм токсичных элементов возможно использование почвенных микроорганизмов рода Bacillus spp. с высокими аккумулирующими характеристиками. В работе представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по выделению и оценке эффективности штаммов Bacillus spp., с территорий с высоким уровнем техногенной нагрузки. Использование диффузионного метода лунок в комбинации с методом серийного разведения, а также метода «реплик» с высевом на субстраты с высоким уровнем катионной нагрузки посредством добавления в питательные среды Pb(NO3)2  «ЧДА» в концентрациях 0,031 М, 0,016 М и 0,008 М позволили выделить перспективный штамм B. licheniformis RZn, характеризующийся устойчивым ростом на средах с добавлением Pb(NO3)2  в концентрации 0,031 М и показателями сорбции катионов свинца из субстрата до 65,39%. В модельном эксперименте с использованием тест-культур Sinapis alba L. и Triticum aestivum L. установлено снижение уровня токсического влияния свинца на показатели всхожести, а также морфометрические показатели растений, что свидетельствует о выраженном биологическом потенциале исследуемого штамма в качестве ремедиатора ионов свинца.

Environmental pollution with heavy metals, including xenobiotic elements with high cumulative characteristics, is currently an urgent problem. Lead is a priority pollutant of the first hazard class that enters the environment through fertilizers and as a result of technological emissions (dust, vapors, solutions), which easily settle on soil and water surfaces.

Soil microorganisms of the genus Bacillus spp. with high accumulation characteristics can be used as effective sorbents of mobile forms of toxic elements. The paper presents results of experimental studies on the isolation and evaluation of the effectiveness of Bacillus spp. strains isolated from territories with high anthropogenic load. The use of the well diffusion method in combination with the serial dilution method, as well as the “replica” method with seeding on substrates with high cationic load by adding Pb(NO3)2 “P.A.” in concentrations of 0.031 M, 0.016 M and 0.008 M allowed isolation of a promising B. licheniformis RZn strain characterized by stable growth on media with Pb(NO3)2 addition at a concentration of 0.031 M and lead cation sorption rates from the substrate up to 65.39%. In a model experiment using test cultures of Sinapis alba L. and Triticum aestivum L., a reduction in the toxic effect of lead on germination rates as well as plant morphometric parameters was observed. This indicates the significant biological potential of the studied strain as a remediator of lead ions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.