vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2026-404-03-115-122vetpress-4062Research ArticleАГРОИНЖЕНЕРИЯ И ПИЩЕВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИAGROENGINEERING AND FOOD TECHNOLOGIESОптимизация микробного синтеза витамина В₁₂ PropionibacteriumOptimization of microbial synthesis of vitamin B₁₂ by Propionibacterium jenseniihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-0703ФаткуллинР. И.FatkullinR. I.

Ринат Ильгидарович Фаткуллин, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры  пищевых и биотехнологий 

пр-т им. Ленина, 76, Челябинск, 454080

Rinat Ilgidarovich Fatkullin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

76 Lenin Prospect, Chelyabinsk, 454080

fatkullinri@susu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6246-9870КалининаИ. В.KalininaI. V.

Ирина Валерьевна Калинина, доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры пищевых  и биотехнологий, доцент 

пр-т им. Ленина, 76, Челябинск, 454080

Irina Valerievna Kalinina, Doctor of Technical Sciences,  Professor, Associate Professor

76 Lenin Prospect, Chelyabinsk, 454080

kalininaiv@susu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-3251НауменкоН. В.NaumenkoN. V.

Наталья Владимировна Науменко, доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры пищевых и биотехнологий, доцент

пр-т им. Ленина, 76, Челябинск, 454080

Natalya Vladimirovna Naumenko, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

76 Lenin Prospect, Chelyabinsk, 454080

naumenkonv@susu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-7267-7591ОдинцовГ. К.OdintsovG. K.

Георгий Константинович Одинцов, аспирант 

Кронверкский проспект, д. 49, литер А, Санкт-Петербург, 197101

Georgiy Konstantinovich Odintsov, PhD student

49A Kronverksky Prospect, Saint Petersburg, 197101

georgy.poluyan@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4970-3634ХаннановаС. А.KhannanovaS. A.

Софья Александровна Ханнанова ,аспирант

Кронверкский проспект, д. 49, литер А, Санкт-Петербург, 197101

Sofya Alexandrovna Khannanova, PhD student 

49A Kronverksky Prospect, Saint Petersburg, 197101

soficoooo@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-5312-3856ФаткуллинаН. И.FatkullinaN. I.

Нелли Ильгидаровна Фаткуллина, студент кафедры пищевых и биотехнологий

пр-т им. Ленина, 76, Челябинск, 454080

Nelli Ilgidarovna Fatkullina, student 

76 Lenin Prospect, Chelyabinsk, 454080

9085792711@mail.ruЮжно-Уральский государственный университетРоссияSouth Ural State UniversityRussian FederationУниверситет ИТМОРоссияITMO UniversityRussian Federation20261903202603115122Copyright © Фаткуллин Р.И., Калинина И.В., Науменко Н.В., Одинцов Г.К., Ханнанова С.А., Фаткуллина Н.И., 20262026Фаткуллин Р.И., Калинина И.В., Науменко Н.В., Одинцов Г.К., Ханнанова С.А., Фаткуллина Н.И.Fatkullin R.I., Kalinina I.V., Naumenko N.V., Odintsov G.K., Khannanova S.A., Fatkullina N.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4062Актуальность

Актуальность. Витамин В12 (кобаламин) является жизненно важным биологически активным соединением, участвующим в регуляции клеточного метаболизма, кроветворении и функционировании нервной системы. Его дефицит приводит к тяжелым метаболическим и неврологическим нарушениям. Промышленное получение витамина В12 преимущественно осуществляется микробиологическим методом, поскольку химический синтез кобаламина является технологически сложным и экономически нецелесообразным. Среди микроорганизмов-продуцентов особый интерес представляют пропионовокислые бактерии рода Propionibacterium, характеризующиеся высокой биосинтетической активностью. При этом параметры культивирования существенно влияют на выход целевого продукта, что определяет актуальность оптимизации условий биосинтеза.

Методы

Методы. Объектом исследования служили заквасочные культуры двух видов. Культивирование проводили в анаэробных условиях на жидкой питательной среде с лактозой, дрожжевым экстрактом и пептоном. Физиологическое состояние культур оценивали микроскопически и по динамике удельной скорости роста. Варьировали температуру (25, 30 и 35 °С) и продолжительность инкубации (12, 16 и 20 ч). Содержание витамина В12 определяли спектрофотометрически при 361 нм. Дополнительно изучали влияние хлорида кобальта. Эксперименты проводили в трехкратной повторности.

Результаты

Результаты. Максимальный выход витамина В12 (до 897 мкг/мл) достигался при температуре 35 °С и времени культивирования 16 ч. Оптимизация условий позволила повысить выход кобаламина более чем на 40%. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке и масштабировании биотехнологических процессов.

Vitamin В12 (cobalamin) is an essential biologically active compound involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism, hematopoiesis, and the functioning of the nervous system. Its deficiency leads to severe metabolic and neurological disorders. Industrial production of vitamin В12 is mainly carried out using microbiological methods, since chemical synthesis of cobalamin is technologically complex and economically inefficient. Among vitamin В12  — producing microorganisms, propionic acid bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium are of particular interest due to their high biosynthetic activity. At the same time, cultivation parameters significantly affect the yield of the target product, which determines the relevance of optimizing biosynthesis conditions.

Methods

Methods. Two types of starter cultures were used as the objects of the study. Cultivation was performed under anaerobic conditions in a liquid nutrient medium containing lactose, yeast extract, and peptone. The physiological state of the cultures was assessed microscopically and by analyzing the dynamics of the specific growth rate. Temperature (25, 30, and 35 °C) and incubation time (12, 16, and 20 h) were varied. Vitamin В12 content was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 361 nm. The effect of cobalt chloride supplementation in the culture medium was also evaluated. All experiments were carried out in triplicate.

Results

Results. The maximum yield of vitamin В12 (up to 897 µg/mL) was achieved at a temperature of 35 °C and a cultivation time of 16 h. Optimization of cultivation conditions increased cobalamin production by more than 40%. The obtained results can be applied in the development and scale-up of biotechnological processes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.