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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2026-406-05-153-159</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-4181</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОИНЖЕНЕРИЯ И ПИЩЕВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGROENGINEERING AND FOOD TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Многоуровневая платформа больших данных для интеллектуального контроля и диагностики параметров агроценозов на основе гибридных методов машинного обучения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A multi-layer big data platform for intelligent monitoring and diagnostics of agrocoenosis parameters based on hybrid machine learning methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4134-9480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гибадуллин</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gibadullin</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамил Рифатович Гибадуллин, кандидат технических наук </p><p>ул. Красносельская, 51, Казань, 420066</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ramil Rifatovich Gibadullin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences </p><p>51 Krasnoselskaya st., Kazan, 420066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">torianin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4575-714X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакурова</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakurova</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зумейра Мунировна Шакурова, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент </p><p>ул. Красносельская, 51, Казань, 420066</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zumeyra Munirovna Shakurova, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor </p><p>51 Krasnoselskaya st., Kazan, 420066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shzumeyra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гибадуллин Р.Р., Шакурова З.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гибадуллин Р.Р., Шакурова З.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gibadullin R.R., Shakurova Z.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4181">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4181</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработана многоуровневая платформа больших данных для интеллектуального контроля и диагностики параметров агроценозов на основе гибридных методов машинного обучения. Актуальность определяется разрывом между растущими объемами сенсорных, спутниковых и аэрофотоснимочных данных и производительностью одномашинных инструментов. В основу положена четырехуровневая архитектура «устройство — граничный узел — распределенное ядро — прикладной контур» на базе Apache Kafka 3.7, Apache Spark 3.5 и TimescaleDB 2.14. База собрана за 182 сут на 2850 га в Республике Татарстан (1240 сенсорных узлов, 28 граничных шлюзов); объем сырых данных — 4,2 ТБ, 12,8 млн записей. Сопоставлены шесть моделей прогнозирования урожайности, детектирования аномалий и диагностики посевов. Лучший результат — CatBoost при пятикратной кросс-валидации: R² = 0,89, RMSE = 2,4 ц/га, MAE = 1,7 ц/га по яровой пшенице; в задаче диагностики 14 параметров достигнуты Accuracy = 0,898 и AUC-ROC = 0,943 при задержке 75 с. Масштабирование Spark-кластера с 1 до 8 узлов сократило время обработки с 47,3 до 7,1 мин (ускорение 6,67; эффективность 83,4%). Авторский интегральный индекс ИДК учитывает точность, полноту и своевременность реакции; его итоговое значение составило 0,82, что на 0,04–0,17 превышает значения обзорных работ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A multi-tier big data platform for intelligent monitoring and diagnostics of agrocenoses parameters has been developed using hybrid machine learning methods. The relevance of this platform is determined by the gap between the growing volumes of sensor, satellite, and aerial imagery data and the performance of single-machine instruments. It is based on a fourtier architecture (device – edge node – distributed core – application circuit) based on Apache Kafka 3.7, Apache Spark 3.5, and TimescaleDB 2.14. The database was collected over 182 days on 2,850 hectares in the Republic of Tatarstan (1,240 sensor nodes, 28 edge gateways); the volume of raw data is 4.2 TB, 12.8 million records. Six models for yield forecasting, anomaly detection, and crop diagnostics were compared. The best result was achieved by CatBoost with five-fold cross-validation: R² = 0.89, RMSE = 2.4 c/ha, MAE = 1.7 c/ha for spring wheat; in the diagnostic task of 14 parameters, Accuracy = 0.898 and AUC-ROC = 0.943 were achieved at a latency of 75 s. Scaling the Spark cluster from 1 to 8 nodes reduced the processing time from 47.3 to 7.1 min (speedup 6.67; efficiency 83.4%). The author’s integral index of the IDC takes into account the accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of the response; its final value was 0.82, which is 0.04–0.17 higher than the values of the review papers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>большие данные</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>контроль параметров агроценозов</kwd><kwd>диагностика состояния посевов</kwd><kwd>распределённые вычисления</kwd><kwd>точное земледелие</kwd><kwd>градиентный бустинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>big data</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>agrocoenosis parameter monitoring</kwd><kwd>crop condition diagnostics</kwd><kwd>distributed computing</kwd><kwd>precision agriculture</kwd><kwd>gradient boosting</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счёт гранта, предоставленного Академией наук Республики Татарстан образовательным организациям высшего образования, научным и иным организациям на поддержку планов развития кадрового потенциала в части стимулирования их научных и научно-педагогических работников к защите докторских диссертаций и выполнению научно-исследовательских работ</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with the help of a grant provided by the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan to higher education institutions, scientific and other organizations to support plans for the development of human resources in terms of stimulating their scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff to defend doctoral dissertations and carry out research work</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харченко К.В. 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