vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2026-407-06-56-65vetpress-4213Research ArticleВЕТЕРИНАРИЯVETERINARY MEDICINEВлияние физиологического статуса свиноматок на уровни аммиака и сероводорода в воздухе свиноводческих помещенийInfluence of the physiological status of sows on ammonia and hydrogen sulfide levels in the air of pig housing facilitieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-4645ЩербаковП. Н.ShcherbakovP. N.

Павел Николаевич Щербаков, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор 

ул. им. Гагарина, 13, Троицк, 457100

Pavel Nikolaevich Shcherbakov, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor

13 Gagarin st., Troitsk, 457100

scherbakov_pavel@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-0556ДерхоМ. А.DerkhoM. A.

Марина Аркадьевна Дерхо, доктор биологических наук, профессор,  заведующий кафедрой естественно-научных  дисциплин

ул. им. Гагарина, 13, Троицк, 457100

Marina Arkadyevna Derkho, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Natural Sciences at the Institute of Veterinary Medicine

13 Gagarin st., Troitsk, 457100

derkho2010@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-4925ГриценкоС. А.GritsenkoS. A.

Светлана Анатольевна Гриценко, доктор биологических наук, заведующий кафедрой кормления, гигиены животных, технологии производства  и переработки сельскохозяйственной продукции

ул. им. Гагарина, 13, Троицк, 457100

Svetlana Anatolyevna Gritsenko, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Feeding, Animal Hygiene, Technology of production and Processing of Agricultural Products

13 Gagarin st., Troitsk, 457100

zf.usavm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-5919ГуменюкО. А.GumenyukO. A.

Ольга Анатольевна Гуменюк, кандидат биологических наук, доцент

ул. им. Гагарина, 13, Троицк, 457100

Olga Anatolyevna Gumenyuk, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor

13 Gagarin st., Troitsk, 457100

gumenyk74@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-6226ЧескидовМ. В.CheskidovM. V.

Максим Владимирович Ческидов, кандидат технических наук, доцент 

ул. им. Гагарина, 13, Троицк, 457100

Maxim Vladimirovich Cheskidov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

13 Gagarin st., Troitsk, 457100

mister.aspirant@yandex.ruЮжно-Уральский государственный аграрный университетРоссияSouth Ural State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation202604072026065665Copyright © Щербаков П.Н., Дерхо М.А., Гриценко С.А., Гуменюк О.А., Ческидов М.В., 20262026Щербаков П.Н., Дерхо М.А., Гриценко С.А., Гуменюк О.А., Ческидов М.В.Shcherbakov P.N., Derkho M.A., Gritsenko S.A., Gumenyuk O.A., Cheskidov M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4213Актуальность

Актуальность. В формировании санитарного состояния воздушной среды свиноводческих помещений важную роль играют токсичные газы — NH₃ и H₂S. Их эмиссия определяется комплексом взаимосвязанных технологических и биологических факторов. При этом роль животных как потенциального источника газообразования остается не достаточно изученной.

Методы

Методы. Объект исследования — производственные помещения технологического модуля для содержания свиноматок. В воздухе цеха опороса, осеменения и ожидания в период санитарного разрыва (контрольный период) и в период содержания технологической группы животных (опытный период) определена концентрация NH₃ и H₂S методом газовой хроматографии. Изменчивость признаков оценена при помощи комплекса статистических методов.

Результаты

Результаты. Концентрация газов в воздухе помещений зависит от цеха и его производственной нагрузки. В период санитарного разрыва концентрация NH₃ и H₂S в 2,27–3,21 раза меньше, чем в период содержания технологической группы свиноматок. Уровень NH₃ и H₂S возрастает в ряду «цех опороса — цех осеменения — цех ожидания»: для аммиака в 2,90–3,10 раза, для сероводорода — в 2,81–3,86 раза в контрольном и опытном периодах. Концентрация NH₃ превышает уровень H₂S в 2,47–3,86 раза. Во все периоды эксплуатации помещений содержание газов не превышает ПДК. Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ подтвердил достоверное влияние фактора «Цех» (эквивалентного физиологическому статусу свиноматок) на формирование газо-воздушной среды и характер корреляционных связей между концентрациями серово дорода и аммиака.

 

 

Relevance

Relevance. Toxic gases, NH₃ and H₂S, play an important role in the formation of the sanitary state of the air environment in pig breeding premises. Their emission is determined by a complex of interrelated technological and biological factors. At the same time, the role of animals as a potential source of gas production remains insufficiently studied.

Methods

Methods. The object of the study was the production facilities of the technological module for keeping sows. The concentrations of NH₃ and H₂S were determined by gas chromatography in the air of the farrowing, insemination and waiting rooms during the sanitary break (control period) and during the housing of a technological group of animals (experimental period). The variability of the parameters was assessed using a set of statistical methods.

Results

Results. The concentration of gases in the indoor air depends on the room type and its production load. During the sanitary break, the concentration of NH₃ and H₂S is 2.27–3.21 times lower than during the housing of the technological group of sows. The levels of NH₃ and H₂S increase in the sequence “farrowing room – insemination room – waiting room” by 2.90–3.10 times for ammonia and by 2.81–3.86 times for hydrogen sulfide in both control and experimental periods. The concentration of NH₃ exceeds that of H₂S by 2.47–3.86 times. During all periods of facility operation, gas concentrations do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). One-way ANOVA confirmed a significant influence of the factor “room type” (equivalent to the physiological status of sows) on the formation of the gas air environment and on the correlation between hydrogen sulfide and ammonia concentrations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.