vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2026-407-06-103-113vetpress-4219Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSСравнительный анализ митохондриального гена цитохрома b (CytB) у российских и индийских пород козComparative analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b (CytB) gene polymorphism in Russian and Indian goat breedshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-6626КошкинаО. А.KoshkinaO. A.

Ольга Андреевна Кошкина, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник

пос. Дубровицы, дом 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Olga Andreevna Koshkina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Researcher

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

i@koshkina-8.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-1262ДенисковаТ. Е.DeniskovaT. E.

Татьяна Евгеньевна Денискова, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

пос. Дубровицы, дом 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Tatiana Evgenievna Deniskova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

horarka@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1061-2715ЧурбаковаН. А.ChurbakovaN. A.

Надежда Александровна Чурбакова, аспирант

пос. Дубровицы, дом 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Churbakova, Postgraduate

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

churbakova.nadezda@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2628-9554СоловьеваА. Д.SolovievaA. D.

Анастасия Дмитриевна Соловьева, младший научный сотрудник

пос. Дубровицы, дом 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Anastasiya Dmitrievna Solovieva, Junior Researcher

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

anastastasiya93@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-2511ДоцевА. В.DotsevA. V.

Арсен Владимирович Доцев, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

пос. Дубровицы, дом 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Arsen Vladimirovich Dotsev, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

arsendotsev@vij.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-6863ЗиновьеваН. А.ZinovievaN. A.

Наталия Анатольевна Зиновьева, доктор биологических наук, профессор, академик Российской академии наук

пос. Дубровицы, дом 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132

Natalia Anatolievna Zinovieva, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

60 Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region, 142132

n_zinovieva@mail.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation20260407202606103113Copyright © Кошкина О.А., Денискова Т.Е., Чурбакова Н.А., Соловьева А.Д., Доцев А.В., Зиновьева Н.А., 20262026Кошкина О.А., Денискова Т.Е., Чурбакова Н.А., Соловьева А.Д., Доцев А.В., Зиновьева Н.А.Koshkina O.A., Deniskova T.E., Churbakova N.A., Solovieva A.D., Dotsev A.V., Zinovieva N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4219Актуальность

Актуальность. Россия и Индия представляют собой два важных, но контрастных центра козоводства с различной историей формирования пород. Сравнительный анализ генетического разнообразия пород из этих удаленных регионов с использованием гена CytB ранее не проводился. Такое исследование позволяет реконструировать филогенетические связи и оценить вклад исторических факторов в формирование генофонда.

Методы

Методы. На основе полногеномного секвенирования (NGS) были получены последовательности гена CytB для 155 особей из 15 пород коз России и Индии. Использовали расчет индексов генетического разнообразия (Hd, π), построение медианной сети гаплотипов и байесовского филогенетического дерева, определение гаплогрупп и анализ молекулярной дисперсии.

Результаты

Результаты. Обе группы показали высокое гаплотипическое разнообразие, при этом нуклеотидное разнообразие (π) российских пород оказалось в 1,5 раза выше (0,00260 против 0,00176 у индийских). Доминирует гаплогруппа A (общая частота 77,4%). Она преобладает в российских породах (89,5%). Гаплогруппа B обнаружена только у индийских коз (30,4%), что указывает на различия в материнских линиях. Филогенетический анализ не выявил четкой географической кластеризации, кроме обособления гаплогруппы B. AMOVA показал, что основная вариация (82,26%) сосредоточена внутри пород. Различия между российскими и индийскими популяциями как группами мини мальны (5,93%).

Исследование демонстрирует общность происхождения (доминирование гаплогруппы A, слабая межгрупповая дифференциация), и специфику генетической истории российских и индийских пород (разное нуклеотидное разнообразие, наличие уникальной для Индии гаплогруппы B).

Relevance

Relevance. Russia and India represent two important yet contrasting centers of goat breeding with different breed formation histories. A comparative analysis of the genetic diversity of breeds from these remote regions using the CytB gene had not been conducted previously. Such a study allows for the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships and assessment of the contribution of historical factors to the formation of the gene pool.

Methods

Methods. Based on whole-genome sequencing (NGS), CytB gene sequences were obtained for 155 individuals from 15 goat breeds of Russia and India. The analysis involved calculation of genetic diversity indices (Hd, π), construction of a median-joining haplotype network and a Bayesian phylogenetic tree, determination of haplogroups, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA).

Results

Results. Both groups exhibited high haplotype diversity, while the nucleotide diversity (π) of Russian breeds was 1.5 times higher (0.00260 vs. 0.00176 in Indian breeds). Haplogroup A dominates (overall frequency 77.4%). It is prevalent in Russian breeds (89.5%). Haplogroup B was found only in Indian goats (30.4%), indicating differences in maternal lineages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no clear geographical clustering, except for the distinct separation of haplogroup B. AMOVA showed that the main variation (82.26%) is concentrated within breeds. Differences between Russian and Indian populations as groups are minimal (5.93%).

The study demonstrates both a common origin (dominance of haplogroup A, weak intergroup differentiation) and the specifics of the genetic history of Russian and Indian breeds (different nucleotide diversity, presence of a haplogroup B unique to India).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.