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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2026-408-07-119-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-4269</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОНОМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морозостойкость генеративных и вегетативных почек у сортов и гибридов сливы в Республике Татарстан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Frost resistance of generative and vegetative buds in plum varieties and hybrids in the Republic of Tatarstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипов</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipov</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геннадий Емельянович Осипов доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции плодовых культур</p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 48, Казань, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady Emelyanovich Osipov Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Fruit Crop Breeding</p><p>48 Orenburg Tract, Kazan, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osipovge@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Владиславна Петрова научный сотрудник</p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 48, Казань, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Vladislavna Petrova Researcher</p><p>48 Orenburg Tract, Kazan, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrovanv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Александровна Карпова младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 48, Казань, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Aleksandrovna Karpova Junior Researcher</p><p>48 Orenburg Tract, Kazan, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anjakarpova495@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Федерального исследовательского центра «Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Federal Research Center «Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Осипов Г.Е., Петрова Н.В., Карпова А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осипов Г.Е., Петрова Н.В., Карпова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Osipov G.E., Petrova N.V., Karpova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4269">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4269</self-uri><abstract><p>Республика Татарстан находится в зоне рискованного садоводства. В зимний период здесь нередки сильные морозы, резкие колебания температуры воздуха, оттепели, весной — заморозки. Все эти факторы отрицательно влияют на состояние генеративных почек после перезимовки, на силу цветения, на продуктивность растений сливы. Цель исследований — выделить сорта сливы с морозостойкими генеративными и вегетативными почками в условиях Республики Татарстан. Проведенные исследования показали, что в Республике Татарстан морозы до -38 °C в середине зимы вызывают у большинства сортов и гибридов сливы домашней среднее подмерзание, у сортов сливы русской очень сильное подмерзание генеративных почек. Среднюю морозостойкость генеративных почек в середине зимы проявили сорта сливы домашней Прибрежная, Синеокая, Казанская, Ракитовая, гибриды — 8-4-52 и 8-2-21. Вегетативные почки показали более высокую устойчивость к морозу -38 °C по сравнению с генеративными почками. По морозостойкости вегетативных почек все сорта, кроме сортов Кубанская Комета, Несмеяна, вошли во II группу устойчивости (морозостойкие). Доля влияния генотипа сортов и гибридов сливы на морозостойкость генеративных почек в 2023–2024 гг. на плодовых образованиях составила 72,4%, условий года — 11,8%, взаимодействия генотипа с условиями года — 8,6%. Доля влияния генотипа сортов и гибридов сливы на морозостойкость генеративных почек в 2023–2024 гг. на однолетних ветвях составила 75,2%, условий года — 6,6%, взаимодействия генотипа с условиями года — 13,1%. В селекции на морозостойкость генеративных почек рекомендуется использовать в качестве исходных родительских сортов сливы домашние Прибрежная, Казанская.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Republic of Tatarstan is located in the zone of risky gardening. In winter, severe frosts, sharp fluctuations in air temperature, thaws are not uncommon here, frosts in spring. All these factors negatively affect the condition of generative buds after overwintering, the strength of flowering, and the productivity of plum plants. The purpose of the research is to identify plum varieties with frost-resistant generative and vegetative buds in the Republic of Tatarstan. The conducted studies have shown that in the Republic of Tatarstan, frosts down to -38 °C in the middle of winter cause moderate freezing of most varieties and hybrids of domestic plum, and very severe freezing of generative buds in varieties of Russian plum. The average frost resistance of generative buds in the middle of winter was shown by varieties of plum Pribrejnaya, Sineokaya, Kazankaya, Rakitovaya, hybrids — 8-4-52 and 8-2-21. Vegetative buds showed higher resistance to frost — 38 °C compared to generative buds. According to the frost resistance of vegetative buds, all varieties, except for the Kuban Kometa and Nesmeyana varieties, were included in the II resistance group (frost-resistant). The share of the influence of the genotype of plum varieties and hybrids on the frost resistance of generative buds in 2023–2024 on fruit formations was 72.4%, the conditions of the year — 11.8%, the interaction of the genotype with the conditions of the year — 8.6%. The share of the influence of the genotype of plum varieties and hybrids on the frost resistance of generative buds in 2023–2024 on annual branches was 75.2%, the conditions of the year — 6.6%, the interaction of the genotype with the conditions of the year — 13.1%. In breeding for frost resistance of generative buds, it is recommended to use domestic Pribrejnaya, Kazankaya plums as the initial parent varieties.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>слива домашняя (Prunus x domestica L.)</kwd><kwd>слива русская (Prunus x rossica Erem.)</kwd><kwd>сорт</kwd><kwd>гибрид</kwd><kwd>генеративные почки</kwd><kwd>вегетативные почки</kwd><kwd>морозостойкость</kwd><kwd>Республика Татарстан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>domestic plum (Prunus x domestica L.)</kwd><kwd>russian plum (Prunus x rossica Erem.)</kwd><kwd>variety</kwd><kwd>hybrid</kwd><kwd>generative buds</kwd><kwd>vegetative buds</kwd><kwd>frost resistance</kwd><kwd>The Republic of Tatarstan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borji M., Rezaei M. 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