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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpress</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agrarian science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-8155</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-701X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала "Аграрная наука"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32634/0869-8155-2026-409-08-43-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpress-4282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VETERINARY MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка антагонистической активности и антибиотикочувствительности штаммов Bacillus mojavensis, выделенных из кишечника цыплят-бройлеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of antagonistic activity and antibiotic susceptibility of Bacillus mojavensis strains isolated from the intestines of broiler chickens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашников</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Вячеславович Калашников, аспирант; младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Университетский проспект, 26, Волгоград, 400002 </p><p>ул. Тимирязевская, 42, корпус Б, Москва, 127434 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim Viacheslavovich Kalashnikov, Postgraduate student; Junior Research</p><p>26 Universitetsky Ave., Volgograd, 400002 </p><p>42B Timiryazevskaya st., Moscow, 127434 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maxim07092001@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет ; ООО «Синтол»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Agrarian University ; Syntol LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калашников М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калашников М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalashnikov M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4282">https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4282</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Проблема антибиотикорезистентности в ветеринарной медицине обуславливает необходимость разработки безопасных терапевтических альтернатив, среди которых особое место занимают пробиотические препараты на основе микроорганизмов рода Bacillus. Цель настоящей работы — оценка антагонистической активности и профиля чувствительности к антибактериальным препаратам 15 штаммов Bacillus mojavensis, выделенных из кишечника цыплят-бройлеров, с последующим отбором перспективных штаммов-кандидатов для создания пробиотической добавки.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Антагонистическую активность определяли методом перпендикулярных штрихов в отношении 15 тест-культур, включая грамположительные и грамотрицательные бактерии, а также микромицеты и дрожжи. Чувствительность к 17 антибиотикам оценивали дискодиффузионным методом с применением иерархического кластерного анализа и ранжирования изолятов по интегральным показателям.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлена выраженная межштаммовая вариабельность как по антибиотикочувствительности, так и по антагонистической активности. Три штамма (№ 7, № 10 и № 12) продемонстрировали максимальную суммарную чувствительность к антибактериальным препаратам и были отнесены к группе высокочувствительных. Штамм № 10 показал наибольшую интегральную антагонистическую активность (сумма зон задержки роста — 402,7 мм), статистически значимо превосходя остальные изоляты, а также выраженный фунгистатический эффект в отношении Aspergillus niger и других плесневых грибов. У штаммов № 8 и № 15 выявлен фенотип множественной лекарственной устойчивости, что послужило основанием для их исключения из числа кандидатов. На основании комплексного рангового анализа штамм № 10 рекомендован в качестве основного компонента для разработки пробиотического препарата широкого спектра действия. Предложенный подход позволяет объективно дифференцировать штаммы по критериям биобезопасности и функциональной эффективности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The growing challenge of antibiotic resistance in veterinary medicine necessitates the development of safe therapeutic alternatives, among which probiotic preparations based on Bacillus spp. represent a promising strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic properties and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 15 Bacillus mojavensis strains isolated from the intestines of broiler chickens, and to select candidate strains for a probiotic formulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Antagonistic activity was assessed using the perpendicular streak method against 15 indicator cultures, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as micromycetes and yeasts. Susceptibility to 17 antibacterial agents was determined by the disk diffusion method, followed by hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward’s method, Euclidean distance) and strain ranking based on integrated parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Substantial inter-strain variability was observed in both antibiotic susceptibility and antagonistic activity. Three strains (No. 7, No. 10, and No. 12) exhibited the highest cumulative susceptibility and were classified as highly susceptible. Strain No. 10 demonstrated the highest integral antagonistic activity (total inhibition zone diameter — 402.7 mm), significantly exceeding the other isolates, along with a pronounced fungistatic effect against Aspergillus niger and other filamentous fungi. Strains No. 8 and No. 15 displayed a multidrug-resistant phenotype and were consequently excluded from the candidate pool. Based on comprehensive ranking analysis, strain No. 10 is recommended as a primary component for the development of a broad-spectrum probiotic preparation. The proposed methodological approach enables objective strain differentiation according to biosafety and functional efficacy criteria.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Bacillus mojavensis</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>антибиотикочувствительность</kwd><kwd>дискодиффузионный метод</kwd><kwd>желудочно-кишечный тракт</kwd><kwd>штаммы-кандидаты</kwd><kwd>биобезопасность</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bacillus mojavensis</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>antibiotic susceptibility</kwd><kwd>disk diffusion method</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal tract</kwd><kwd>candidate strains</kwd><kwd>biosafety</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филимонов Д.Н., Енгашев С.В., Лесниченко И.Ю., Кисарова А.А. 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