vetpressАграрная наукаAgrarian science0869-81552686-701XРедакция журнала "Аграрная наука"10.32634/0869-8155-2026-409-08-95-104vetpress-4287Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯZOOTECHNICSЗдоровье кишечника цыплят-бройлеров при использовании в кормлении фитогенной композицииThe health of broiler chickens’ intestines when using a phytogenic composition in their dietЗагаринА. Ю.ZagarinA. Yu.

Артем Юрьевич Загарин, ассистент, младший научный сотрудник

ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Москва, 127434 

Artem Yurievich Zagarin, Assistant, Junior Researcher

49 Timiryazevskaya st., Moscow, 127434 

azagarin@rgau-msha.ruСелионоваМ. И.SelionovaM. I.

Марина Ивановна Селионова, доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, ведущий научный сотрудник

ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Москва, 127434 

Marina Ivanovna Selionova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leading Researcher

49 Timiryazevskaya st., Moscow, 127434 

БеляеваН. П.BelyaevaN. P.

Нина Петровна Беляева, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, научный сотрудник

ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Москва, 127434 

Nina Petrovna Belyaeva, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Researcher

49 Timiryazevskaya st., Moscow, 127434 

ЛысенкоЮ. А.LysenkoYu. A.

Юрий Андреевич Лысенко, доктор биологических наук, доцент, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник

ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Москва, 127434 

Yuri Andreevich Lysenko, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor, Leading Researcher

49 Timiryazevskaya st., Moscow, 127434 

КуликовЕ. И.KulikovE. I.

Егор Игоревич Куликов, заведующий лабораторией

ул. Птицеградская, 10, Сергиев Посад, 141311 

Egor Igorevich Kulikov, Head of the Laboratory

10 Ptitsegradskaya st., Sergiev Posad, 141311 

ЖевнеровА. В.ZhevnerovA. V.

Алексей Валерьевич Жевнеров, кандидат химических наук, доцент, директор Учебно-научный центра коллективного пользования

ул. Тимирязевская, 49, Москва, 127434 

Alexey Valerievich Zhevnerov, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Director Educational and scientific center for collective use

49 Timiryazevskaya st., Moscow, 127434 

Российский государственный аграрный университет — МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский и технологический институт птицеводстваРоссияFederal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute”Russian Federation2026140820261895104Copyright © Загарин А.Ю., Селионова М.И., Беляева Н.П., Лысенко Ю.А., Куликов Е.И., Жевнеров А.В., 20262026Загарин А.Ю., Селионова М.И., Беляева Н.П., Лысенко Ю.А., Куликов Е.И., Жевнеров А.В.Zagarin A.Y., Selionova M.I., Belyaeva N.P., Lysenko Y.A., Kulikov E.I., Zhevnerov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpress.ru/jour/article/view/4287Актуальность

Актуальность. Сокращение использования кормовых антибиотиков в птицеводстве требует разработки и изучения альтернативных кормовых добавок, положительно влияющих на здоровье кишечника. К числу таких добавок относят фитобиотики, проявляющие противовоспалительные, антиоксидантные, антибактериальные и иммуномодулирующие свойства. С целью выявления влияния разных вариантов фитогенной композиции на здоровье кишечника был проведен опыт на цыплятах-бройлерах.

Методы

Методы. Было сформировано три группы, двум из которых в составе рациона скармливали два варианта фитогенной композиции с разным соотношением экстрактов цикория (40/35%), зверобоя (10/5%), левзеи сафлоровидной (35/40%) и тимьяна ползучего (15/20%). Об их влиянии на состояние здоровья кишечника судили по морфологическим характеристикам тканей слепой кишки, относительной экспрессии в них генов, связанных с резистентностью, по уровню условно-патогенной микробиоты.

Результаты

Результаты. Результаты исследования свидетельствовали о снижении экспрессии генов, связанных с воспалительным процессом и сопротивлением патогенам, в тканях кишечника цыплят опытных групп: активность AvBD9 сокращалась в 7,0 раз (p ≤ 0,05), AvBD10 — в 12,7…140,0 раз (p ≤ 0,01), IL8L2 – в 154,0 раза (p ≤ 0,01), IRF7 — в 47,0 раз (p ≤ 0,05). Результаты гистологических исследований указывали на сокращение в опытных группах высоты эпителия на 24,7…49,1% (p ≤ 0,001) и толщины подслизистой основы в 2,8–2,9 раза (p ≤ 0,001), повышение глубины крипт на 80,5% (p ≤ 0,001), толщины мышечной пластинки на 6,5% (p ≤ 0,05), толщины мышечной оболочки — на 14,8% (p ≤ 0,001), а также на отсутствие признаков деградации и угнетения эпителиальных клеток в опыте в отличие от контроля. Численность Escherichia coli, для которой были характерны такие факторы вирулентности, как ybtA, iroE, fliA epaQ, ycbV, ykgK/ecpR, fliP, espL4, cheB, stgC и другие, в микробиоме цыплят контроля составила 11,98%, в то время как во 2-й опытной группе — 3,74%, в 3-й группе — 0,71% (p ≤ 0,05). Это позволяет рассматривать разработанные варианты фитогенной композиции в качестве кормовых биопрепаратов, направленных на улучшение здоровья кишечника цыплят-бройлеров.

Relevance

Relevance. The reduction in the use of feed antibiotics in poultry farming necessitates the development and study of alternative feed additives that positively affect gut health. Such additives include phytobiotics, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties. To identify the effect of different variants of a phytobiotic composition on gut health, an experiment was conducted on broiler chickens.

Methods

Methods. Three groups were formed, two of which were fed two variants of the phytobiotic composition with different ratios of chicory extract (40/35%), St. John’s wort (10/5%), safflower leuzea (35/40%), and creeping thyme (15/20%) in their diets. The impact on gut health was assessed through morphological characteristics of the cecum tissues, relative expression of genes related to resistance, and levels of opportunistic pathogenic microbiota.

Results

Results. The results indicated a decrease in the expression of genes associated with inflammation and pathogen resistance in the gut tissues of the experimental groups: AvBD9 activity decreased 7.0-fold (p ≤ 0.05), AvBD10 by 12.7 to 140.0-fold (p ≤ 0.01), IL8L2 by 154.0-fold (p ≤ 0.01), and IRF7 by 47.0-fold (p ≤ 0.05). Histological studies showed reductions in epithelial height by 24.7 to 49.1% (p ≤ 0.001) and submucosal thickness by 2.8-2.9 times (p ≤ 0.001), an increase in crypt depth by 80.5% (p ≤ 0.001), muscularis mucosa thickness by 6.5% (p ≤ 0.05), and muscular layer thickness by 14.8% (p ≤ 0.001). No signs of degradation or suppression of epithelial cells were observed in the treated groups compared to control. Escherichia coli strains harboring virulence factors such as ybtA, iroE, fliA, epaQ, ycbV, ykgK/ecpR, fliP, espL4, cheB, stgC, among others, accounted for 11.98% of the cecal microbiome in the control group, whereas their abundance decreased to 3.74% in the 2nd experimental group and to 0.71% in the 3rd experimental group (p ≤ 0.05). These findings allow considering the developed phytogenic compositions as feed biopreparations aimed at improving gut health in broiler chickens.

экспрессия геновгистологиямикробиотафитобиотикфитогеникнутригеномика животныхцыплята-бройлерыздоровье кишечникаgene expressionhistologymicrobiotaphytbioticphytogenicanimal nutrigenomicsbroiler chickensintestinal healthИсследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда № 25-26-00176 «Изучение микробиоценоза кишечника и транскрипционной активности генов продуктивности и резистентности цыплят-бройлеров при комплексном использовании биологически активных соединений растительного происхождения с разными функциональными свойствами». https://rscf.ru/project/25-26-00176/This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation No. 25-26-00176 «Study of intestinal microbiocenosis and transcriptional activity of genes of productivity and resistance of broiler chickens under complex use of biologically active compounds of vegetable origin with different functional properties» https://rscf.ru/project/25-26-00176/ReferencesФисинин В. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.