Soil organic matter and productivity of crop rotation using different methods of biologization and soil tillage

It is necessary to look for new cheap sources of organic compound to reduce degradation processes of chernozem. It can be crop rotation with binary (mixed) crop planting. The study was carried out in the stationary experiment at the Department of Agriculture and Agroecology in Khokholsky district, Voronezh region. The studies showed that the weight of plant residues in grain-grass-arable rotation, compared to grain-fallow-arable control, was 77% and 83% higher against the background of plowing with subsurface loosening. 30% of the total biomass decomposed in the control crop rotation and 42 and 46% decomposed in green-manure and grain-grass-arable rotations, respectively. Over the years of research, the topsoil lost 0.3% of the total humus in the grain-fallow-arable rotation against the background of plowing and 0.2% after subsurface loosening. The green-manure crop rotation ensured deficit-free balance of humus against the background of plowing and its increase of 0.2% against the background of subsurface loosening. The grain-grass-arable rotation against these backgrounds significantly increased its amount by 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively. The methods of biologization increased the productivity of crop rotations as the following: a 13,6% increase in green manure against the background of plowing and a 3.8% increase in subsurface loosening; against the same background 23.0 and 15.7% increases in the grain-grass-arable rotation in comparison with the grain-fallow-arable rotation. To increase the fertility of chernozem it is recommended to use green manure and grain-grass-arable rotations with binary crops.

растительные остатки, гумус, разложение, севооборот, бинарные посевы, вспашка, безотвальное рыхление, plant residues, humus, decomposition, rotation, binary sowing, crops, subsurface loosening

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