Influence of different intensity methods of basic processing of podzolized chernozem on the state of fertility and productivity of crops

Relevance. In the conditions of the Ryazan region, a significant part of the soil cover has not quite favorable properties (high equilibrium density and low water resistance), so the choice of the optimal cultivation system for a certain type of soil is one of the main conditions for increasing fertility, as well as a guarantee of obtaining high yields of cultivated crops.

Material and methods. The article presents the results of studies for three crop rotation rotations (1992-2017) to study the effect of soil cultivation systems on the agrophysical properties of podzolized chernozem (degraded) and crop productivity in the conditions of the south of the Central Non-Black Earth Region using generally accepted agricultural techniques for this zone. The duration of the studies made it possible to cover periods different in meteorological conditions.

Results. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of five options for mechanical tillage systems has been carried out, the use of which contributes to the softening of the soil and increase its porosity to 51.9-53.9% compared with the initial rate of 48.3-48.7%. The number of water-resistant units increased by 17.2-19.8% compared with the initial data. Over the years of the experiment, the ability of the soil to retain moisture has increased, the lowest moisture capacity, which has increased from 26.1% to 32.0% during three rotation of the crop rotation. The productivity of cultivated crops was determined, which, depending on the applied treatment systems, increased by 10.2-22.7%. The strengths and weaknesses of each of the five main soil tillage systems presented were identified and energy efficiency coefficients (CEE) were calculated.

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