Tillage methods for winter wheat after nonfallow predecessors

The article presents the effects of changes in the bulk density, water regime of ordinary chernozem, crop yield of winter wheat and its quality, caused by both soil preparation and tillage. On average, the content of available moisture during the postemergence period in the topsoil after moldboard plowing to a 6-8 cm depth was 4.9 mm, at zero tillage - 8.7, which is 77% more, and in the metre-deep lay - 28%, respectively. During the spring-and summer growing season of winter wheat, no differences in the content of available moisture in the soil after different tillage methods were found. The analysis of the soil bulk density showed that main tillage techniques had no significant effect on this indicator and were within the experimental error. The changes in the indicators of water regime and bulk density depending upon tillage methods in crop rotation practically did not affect the yield. The variations in the yield data on all treated variants were not significant, and were mostly random. However, the variant with zero tillage showed a statistical decrease in the yield in all years of the study. On average, it was 8.1 centners per hectare (19.2%) on unfertilized background and 10.9 (22.1%) on fertilized background. At the same time, the effect of tillage was manifested mostly in indicators of gain quality of wheat. The study showed that the best conditions for the formation of high-quality grains were formed on the variant with moldboard plowing to a 6-8 cm depth.

озимая пшеница, обработка почвы, плотность, прямой посев, чернозем, влажность почвы, урожайность, качество зерна, winter wheat, tillage, density, direct seeding, chernozem, soil moisture, yield, grain quality

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