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The role of winter wheat predecessors in crop rotation under conditions of the central chernozem region

Abstract

Studies of many scientific institutions show that it is impossible to obtain high yield of winter wheat without using a complex of agricultural activities (correct crop rotations, fertilizer systems and tillage, control of weeds, pests and diseases, seed production, etc.) [1.4]. One of the main activities is a crop rotation, without which it is impossible to implement techniques intended to improve farming. Winter wheat in various regions of the country is grown after different predecessors, which are usually divided into three groups: complete fallow, seeded fallow and non fallow predecessors. However, this division is relative, since the same predecessor is assessed unequally in different regions of the country. Duration of the period from the harvest of a predecessor to the sowing of winter wheat and the amount of precipitation during this time are crucial. A complex of agrotechnical measures for winter wheat is largely determined by its predecessor. It affects, on the one hand, the fertility of the soil, on the other hand, deposit of moisture in the root layer. The predecessor affects the fertility of the soil due to the crop residues and interaction of the root systems with the soil. The more crop residues remain, the better they are (legumes) and the more powerful the root system of the predecessor is, the more the soil is enriched with organic matter, which improves the soil nutrition for next crop. At present, the issue of reducing or expanding the area of complete fallow is solved at each specific farm, taking into account productive capacity, environmental conditions, weed infestation, availability of fertilizers and the achieved level of cultural farming.

About the Authors

V. I. Turusov
Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth Region named after V. V. Dokuchaev
Russian Federation


V. M. Garmashov
Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth Region named after V. V. Dokuchaev
Russian Federation


O. A. Bogatykh
Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth Region named after V. V. Dokuchaev
Russian Federation


E. A. Balunova
Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth Region named after V. V. Dokuchaev
Russian Federation


References

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For citations:


Turusov V.I., Garmashov V.M., Bogatykh O.A., Balunova E.A. The role of winter wheat predecessors in crop rotation under conditions of the central chernozem region. Agrarian science. 2017;(11-12):10-11. (In Russ.)

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