Dynamics of selection and genetic parameters of new breeding types of dairy cattle

The article describes parameters of milk productivity of new breeding types of dairy cattle of different breeds in the Republic of Kazakhstan: “Ertis”in Simmental, “Ak-yrys”in Alatau, “Sairam”in Black-and-White breeds. The studies were conducted at farms of different regions of Kazakhstan. There was revealed that the highest average productivity was obtained with “Mamed” cows (5980±57.8), the lowest - with “Adal” (3900±48.9). The rates of “Mamed” cows were higher by 997 kg (Р > 0.999) than the rates of “Almaty”, by 180 kg (Р > 0.95) than the rates of “Mezhdurechensk-agro”, by 1580 kg (Р > 0.999) than the rates of “Khilchenko” and by 2080 kg than the rates of “Adal”. Preferable type: “Mamed” - 91.07%, “Almaty” - 67.5%, “Mezhdurechensk-agro” - 93.5%, “Khilchenko” - 78.7%, “Adal” - 70% of cows. The preferable type included 78.1% of cows with the average productivity of 5412±65.4 kg of milk per lactation, which was 281.2 kg more than the average per herd and significantly exceeded the minimum requirements for selection of cows of new types into a group of the preferable type. The selection intensity was relatively low. Among red-and-white cattle “Ertis”, the most productive herds were “Kamyshiskoe” and “Kirov”, 5750-6122 kg and 4046-4924 kg, respectively. The genetic progress was especially recorded in “Kirov”, where productivity was 21.7% higher than in 2012. It was determined that at the selection intensity of 26.7% in 2012, the average productivity of the cows of the preferable type increased by 48.3%, at 27.6% in 2013 - 78.5% increase, at 20.5% in 2014 - 45.5% increase. The cows of the selection group “Kamyshinskoe”showed the highest productivity (7872-9515 kg), their genetic progress was 120.9% in comparison with 2012. The milk productivity of black-and-white type “Sairam” varied from 4914 to 6710 kg per lactation, fat content - 3.77-3.56%. There was established a difference of 1796 kg (Р > 0.99) between milk yield, with an unreliable difference in fat content. Breeding type “Karatomar” revealed that the highest average milk productivity was obtained at the farm “named after K. Marx” (5949±81.1 kg), which was 1225 kg higher (Р > 0.99) than in “Zarechnoe”. At the same time, it was determined that the productivity of cows of all these herds was significantly higher than the minimum requirements for creating this type.

внутрипородные типы, регионы, генетический потенциал, селекция, лактация, содержание жира, заказное спаривание, breeding types, regions, genetic potential, selection, lactation, fat content

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