Протеазы в питании моногастричных животных
Аннотация
В организме существует множество протеаз, которые регулируются примерно 2% генома человека. Из них на долю, участвующую в пищеварении, приходится лишь малая часть. Несмотря на это механизмы действия пищеварительных протеаз изучены слабее, чем карбогидраз и липаз. Включение экзогенных протеаз в корма для молодняка животных часто сопровождается улучшением использования белка и других питательных веществ. Экзогенные протеазы разрушают ингибиторы эндогенных протеаз и лектины, содержащиеся в кормах. Интерес представляют щелочные протеазы в связи с их более широкой субстратной специфичностью и сохранением активности на протяжении всего желудочно-кишечного тракта. В эту группу входят кератиназы, которые переваривают белки, недоступные для расщепления протеазами и пептидазами животных. Кератиназы переваривают агглютинины, глицинин и b-конглицинин и соединительнотканные белки, которые устойчивы к действию ферментов ЖКТ и ряда экзогенных протеаз. Описаны предполагаемые причины нестабильных результатов при использовании кормовых протеаз. Указаны их опосредованные эффекты положительного действия, не связанные с протеолизом. В качестве кормовых протеаз целесообразно использовать протеазы, обладающие кератинолитической активностью.
Ключевые слова
пищеварение,
ферменты,
протеазы эндогенные,
протеазы экзогенные,
кератиназы,
ингибиторы трипсина,
переваривание протеина,
птица,
свиньи
Об авторах
В. С. Крюков
ООО «Кормогран»
Россия
Россия
Валерий Сергеевич Крюков, доктор биологических наук, профессор
Москва
С. В. Зиновьев
ВНИИПП — филиал ФНЦ ВНИТИП
Россия
Россия
Сергей Владимирович Зиновьев, кандидат с.-х. наук
п. Ржавки Московской обл.
Р. В. Некрасов
ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста
Россия
Россия
Роман Владимирович Некрасов, доктор с.-х. наук, профессор
Подольск-Дубровицы Московской обл.
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Для цитирования:
Крюков В.С., Зиновьев С.В., Некрасов Р.В. Протеазы в питании моногастричных животных. Аграрная наука. 2021;344(1):30-38. https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-344-1-30-38
For citation:
Kryukov V.S., Zinoviev S.V., Nekrasov R.V. Proteases in the diet of monogastric animals. Agrarian science. 2021;344(1):30-38. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-344-1-30-38
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