The study of the adaptive properties of the initial material of winter bread wheat according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’

Introduction. One of the urgent direction in winter wheat breeding is to improve its adaptability, enhance the ability of varieties to give maximum productivity under certain environmental conditions.

Methods. The objects of research were 290 samples of winter bread wheat of various ecological and geographical origin taken from the world collection of domestic and foreign selection. In order to estimate the adaptability parameters of the varieties according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ there have been selected 31 samples, in accordance with several economically valuable traits. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety.

Results. The study has resulted in the identification of the collection samples with different adaptive properties. The samples with b_i > 1 ‘Slavna’ (S_i² = 3.01), ‘Chornyava’ (S_i² = 5.64), ‘Etana’ (S_i² = 5.64) can be classified as the varieties of intensive type. The i samples with b_i < 1 ‘Ermak’ (b_i = 0.93), ‘L 19578’ (b_i = 0.42), ‘Simonida’ (b_i = 0.21) can be classified as the varieties of extensive type. The samples ‘Vinnichanka’ (b_i = -0.07), ‘Zlatka’ (b_i = -0.71), ‘Ling Xing 99’ (b_i = -0.26) and ‘Sailor’ (b_i = -1.22) were identified as adaptable and highly adapted. The samples ‘Vinnichanka’ (S_i² = 0.74), ‘EistanzueLo Benteveo’ (S_i² = 0.82), and ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (S_i² = 0.23) showed their stability of the trait ‘1000 grain weight’. The samples ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Hom = 12119.6), ‘Shestopalivka’ (Hom = 3703.3) and others were characterized by high homeostaticity. The maximum breeding value were identified in the varieties ‘Ling Xing 99’ (Sc = 47.4), ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Sc = 46.5), ‘Shestopalivka’ (Sc = 46.3), ‘EistanzueLo Benteveo’ (Sc = 46.3), ‘L 19578’ (Sc = 46.3) and ‘Akter’ (Sc = 45.0). The identified genotypes have been recommended to be used into crossings to develop highly productive varieties adapted to the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region.

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