Scientific, technological and economic justification of the machine system formation for flax processing

 Relevance. The main problems of primary flax processing enterprises are their extremely low availability of modern equipment and a lack of qualified engineering and technical specialists. As a result, the technological regimes of processing are violated at the flax factories, significant losses of flax fiber are allowed, and its quality decreases. Thus, the yield of the most valuable long fiber is less than 4%, while the standard is 10.5%, the number of long and short fibers is one number lower than the norm. The share of produced long fiber flax, the cost of which is 3.5–4 times higher than short, does not exceed 13%. In Western Europe, this figure reaches 60–70%. In this regard, the question of proposing a new scientific, technological and economic justification for the formation of a system of machines for flax processing is especially urgent.

The aim of the study is to form a system of machines and equipment for processing flax, taking into account the promising areas of economic use of flax products for the period up to 2030, еnsuring an increase in productivity and profitability of production by at least 50%.

Methods. The article presents an analysis of the technologies and equipment used in flax processing. Based on the research, innovative technical solutions and a system of promising machines for intensive technologies of flax processing were proposed, technical and economic calculations of the efficiency of flax production were performed.

Results. The introduction of the complex of modern machines proposed by us in the work of flax factories, taking into account the areas of economic use of flax products, makes it possible to increase the production of long fiber flax by 3 times, the quality per grade meter and, accordingly, the income from sales by 2.5 times. The technologies, systems of machines and equipment for flax processing proposed in the article have high productivity, energy efficiency, versatility, as well as differentiation, which ensures unity, complexity, continuity, flow and rationality, taking into account the  conditions of flax processing and the directions of economic use of flax products. 

1. Puchkov E.M., Galkin A.V., Uschapovsky I.V. On the state, problems and prospects of providing the flax complex of Russia with specialized equipment. Vestnik NGIEI. 2018. 5 (84): 97-110 (in Russ.).

2. Kuchumov AV, Terent›ev SE, Nikiforov AG, Skobeev IN, Rostovtsev RA, Romanov VA, Novikov EV. Drying machine linen trusts: US Pat. 193686 Russian Federation. 2019109791: Appl. 2.04.2019; publ. 11.11.2019. Bul. 32.6 p. (in Russ.).

3. Romanov VA, Novikov EV, Uschapovsky IV. Device for thinning the layer of fiber flax stems: US Pat. 191809 Russian Federation. 2019107845: app. 19.03.2019, publ. 08/22/2019. Bul. 24. 8 p. (in Russ.).

4. Romanov V.A., Novikov E.V., Bezbabchenko A.V. Investigation of the thinning of the layer of fiber flax stems in a channel with an adjustable cross-section. Tractors and agricultural machines. 2018; 3: 73-78. (in Russ.).

5. Romanov V.A., Novikov E.V., Bezbabchenko A.V., Konokhov V.Yu. Method of dosed supply of flax-straw layer: US Pat. 2728742 Russian Federation. 2019142745: app. 12/17/2019. publ. 07/30/2020. Bul. 22. 9 p. (in Russ.).

6. Koroleva E.N., Novikov E.V., Khaitov N.Kh., Bezbabchenko A.V. The influence of flax processing methods on the yield and quality of scattered flax // Oil crops. 2019, 3 (179): 68-73(in Russ.).

7. E.L. Pashin Section of the scutching machine for processing bast fibers: US Pat. No. 2381310 Russian Federation. No. 2008148740/12: Appl. 10.12.2008, publ. 10.02.2010. Bulletin No. 4. 6 p. (in Russ.).

8. Puchkov E.M., Velikanova I.V., Popov R.A. Principles of differentiation of the system of machines for harvesting fiber flax, taking into account the level of technology intensity // Agrarian Science. 2020;10: 107-111(in Russ.).

9. Bezbabchenko A.V., Novikov E. V., Kovalev M. M., Puchkov E. M. Universal line for processing flax and hemp into various types of finished products. Technology of the textile industry. 2016;1 (361): 54-58 (in Russ.).

10. ПPuchkov E.M., Galkin A.V., Uschapovsky I.V. Economic efficiency of innovative technology for processing oilseed flax trusts. Agricultural science of the EuroNorth- East. 2018; No. 6 (67): 134-140 (in Russ.).