Harmful viruses on stone fruit crops and sanitation methods

Relevance. Viral diseases can significantly reduce the yield of stone fruit crops. More than 30 viruses have been characterized on stone fruits crops, among which the most harmful are Plum pox virus (PPV), Prunus dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Cherry leaf roll spot virus (CLRV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). Viral diseases monitoring is essential for controlling the viruses prevalence and choosing a control strategy. In the absence of healthy plants of a certain variety, health improvement is carried out using laboratory methods, including thermotherapy. Sanitation methods need to be improved in relation to the culture characteristics and the virus type. Of considerable interest is the development of techniques that reduce the viruses concentration when growing stone fruit trees in the field.

Methods. During 2016–2020 using the ELISA (“Loewe” diagnostic kits) diagnostics of viruses on varieties and clonal rootstocks of cherry, sweet cherry and plum (660 plants) was carried out in the conditions of the Moscow region. For plant health in 2019–2021 used thermotherapy for 3 months. To study the effect of Pharmayod (“Farmbiomed”) on viruses in open ground, 24 plum plants of 5 varieties were treated with this drug at a concentration of 0.3 ml/l.

Results. The total prevalence of viruses on cherries varieties was 44%, sweet cherries — 40%, plums — 59%, on clonal rootstocks — 46, 55 and 56% respectively. The highest incidence of PNRSV and PDV viruses has been established. Cherry plants of 11 varieties, free from the main harmful viruses, 4 varieties of sweet cherries, 12 varieties of plums and 9 forms of clonal rootstocks were revealed. The use of the Pharmayod on plum trees in the open field contributed to a decrease in the infection index of the studied viruses. Plum plants in a heat chamber were characterized by a higher survival rate and growth parameters in comparison with cherry and sweet cherry. After the completion of thermotherapy, a significant decrease in the index of infection in plants was noted.

1. Prikhod’ko Yu.N., Magomedov U.Sh. Viruses of pome and stone fruit crops. Voronezh: Scientific book. 2011. 468 p. (In Russ.)

2. Upadysheva G.Yu., Upadyshev M.T, Pokhodenko P.A. Infection of clonal rootstocks of stone fruit crops with viruses and their influence on the efficiency of propagation by green cuttings. Pomiculture and small fruit culture in Russia. 2010; XXIV (2): 127- 131. (In Russ.)

3. Rowhani A., Uyemoto J.K., Colino D.A. Pathogen testing and certification of Vitis and Prunus species. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 2005; 43: 261-278. DOI: 10.1146 / annurev. phyto.43.040204.135919

4. Matić S., Rwahnih M.Al, Myrta A., urić G. Viruses of stone fruits in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Hort. 2008; 781: 71-74.

5. Zagrai I., Zagrai L., Labonne G., Dallot S., Festila A., Baias I. Preliminary evaluation of the competitiveness of PPV-Rec and PPV-D under field conditions. 22 Int. Conf. on virus and other transmissible diseases of fruit crops. Rome. 2012: 36.

6. Prikhod’ko Yu.N., Chirkov S.N., Metlitskaya K.V., Zuber L.V. Prevalence of viral diseases of stone fruit crops in the European part of Russia. Agricultural biology. 2008; 1: 26-32. (In Russ.)

7. Upadyshev M.T., Metlitskaya K.V., Petrova A.D., Upadysheva G.Yu., Tikhonova K.O. Prevalence of harmful viruses in stone fruit plantations in the Moscow region. Mater. reports of scientific conf. “Theory and practice of combating parasitic diseases.” M.: VNIIP. 2016; 17: 476-477. (In Russ.)

8. Metlitskaya K.V., Upadyshev M.T., Petrova A.D., Upadysheva G.Yu. Prevalence of harmful viruses in plum and cherry-plum plantations in the Moscow region. Pomiculture and small fruit culture in Russia. 2018; 52: 152- 156. (In Russ.)

9. Kulikov I.M., Upadyshev M.T. Ways of solving the problems of improving the health of horticultural crops from viruses. Plant Protection and Quarantine 2015; 7: 10-12. (In Russ.)

10. Kulikov I.M., Zavrazhnov A.I., Upadyshev M.T., Borisova A.A., Tumaeva T.A. Scientific and methodological foundations of industrial agricultural technology for the production of certified planting material for fruit and small fruit crops in the Russian Federation. Horticulture and viticulture. 2018; 1: 30-35. (In Russ.)

11. Upadyshev M.T., Kulikov I.M., Petrova A.D., Metlitskaya K.V., Donetskikh V.I. Modern methods of sanitation fruit and small fruit crops from harmful viruses: monograph. M .: FGBNU VSTISP; Saratov: Amirit, 2019.168 p. (In Russ.)

12. Mitrofanova O.V., Mitrofanova I.V., Ezhov V.N., Lesnikova-Sedoshenko N.P., Lukicheva L.A., Smykov A.V., Senin V.V., Litvinova T.V. Study of viruses and viral diseases of stone fruit crops in the south of Ukraine and the peculiarities of plant health improvement in vitro. Bul. Nikit. nerd. garden. 2005; 91: 111-120. (In Russ.)

13. Borisova I.P., Prikhod’ko Yu.N. , Podgornaya M.E. Test of the fungicide pharmayod, GR for the control of viral diseases of the apple tree. Horticulture and viticulture. 2019; 3: 52-56. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31676 / 0235-2591-2019-3-52-56

14. Bazoyan S.S., Radchevsky P.P. The effectiveness of pharmayod against viral diseases of grapes. Bulletin of scientific and technical creativity of youth of the Kuban State Agrarian University. 2016: 230-233 (In Russ.) eLIBRARY ID: 32696328

15. Kolychikhina M.S., Beloshapkina O.O. Protecting potatoes from viruses in the field. Potatoes and vegetables. 2017; 8: 27-30. (In Russ.)

16. Borisova I.P., Tereshonkova T.A., Prikhod’ko Yu.N., Zhivaeva T.S., Petra I.K. The effectiveness of the Pharmayod, GR against viral diseases of tomato. Materials int. scientific and practical. conf. “Biological plant protection - the basis for the stabilization of agroecosystems”. 2018: 169-171. eLIBRARY ID: 35596943 (In Russ.) eLIBRARY ID: 35596943

17. Upadyshev M.T., Metlitskaya K.V., Donetskikh V.I., Borisova A.A. et al. Technology of obtaining viruses free planting material of fruit and small fruit crops: method. directions. M .: FGBNU “Rosinformagrotech”. 2013.92 p. (In Russ.)

18. Li R., Kinard G., Mock R., Forsline P., Poolerd M., Stover E. A survey for viruses and viroids in USA cherry genetic resources. 22 Int. Conf. on virus and other transmissible diseases of fruit crops. Rome. 2012: 137.

19. Gospodaryk A., P pola N., K le A., Moro ko-Bi evska I. The monitoring of occurrence of four common viruses in plum cultivars in Latvia // 22 Int. Conf. on virus and other transmissible diseases of fruit crops. Rome. 2012: 132.

20. Kovalenko N.N., Podorozhny V.N. Improving the system for obtaining a healthy planting material for stone fruit crops in the Krasnodar Territory. Scientific works of SKFNTsSVV. 2019; 25: 92-96 DOI 10.30679 / 2587-9847-2019-25-92-96 (In Russ.) DOI 10.30679/2587-9847- 2019-25-92-96