A new promising variety of black currant Estafeta

Relevance. Creation of new varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostanis relevant. The climatic conditions of the republic require the creation of varieties with high resistance to the complex of biotic and abiotic stressors of the cultivation region.

Materials and methodology. The objects of research are the hybrid fund, selected, promising, elite forms and varieties of black currant of local and foreign selection located in the Kushnarenkovsky breeding center for fruit and berry crops and grapes of the Bashkir Research Institute of the UFIC RAS. Research is carried out according to the program and methodology of selection and variety studies of fruit, berry and nut crops.

Results. A new variety of black currant Estafeta has been created, which has a complex of economically valuable characteristics in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. According to the results of many years of research, the new variety of black currant Estafeta is resistant to diseases and pests. Over the years of research, leaf damage by anthracnose was 1,0 point (15%), in the control variety — 1,5 points (20%). Damage from grass moth — 2,0 points (30%), in control — 3,0 (40%), from aphids — 0,5 points (10%), in control — 1,0 (20%). New variety Estafeta is large-fruited, with berries of the standard sweet and sour taste. The average and maximum berry weight of 1,6-2,5 g is higher than that of the control of 1,4-2,1 g. According to the content of biologically active substances in black currant berries, the new variety has less sugar than the control, but has more vitamin C and carotene. The bush of the Estafeta variety is medium-sized, medium-spreading. Shoots are medium, straight, light green, slightly pubescent, matte. The buds are medium, oblong, green. The leaves are medium-sized, light green, three-lobed, with small notches. The fruit brush is medium, the berries in the brush are medium. The flowers are medium-sized, with a bright color. The sepals are medium-sized, with a bright color, with an average pubescence of the outer side, arranged horizontally. The berry is large, round-oval, black. The cup is open. The skin is of medium thickness. Pubescence is weak, simple. The peduncle is short, dark green, fleshy. The number of seeds is average. The taste is sweet and sour, refreshing. The timing of budding and the beginning of maturation is average, simultaneous. The period of the beginning of flowering is average. The variety is promising for industrial and amateur gardening. The optimal layout of plantings is 3,0-4,0 х 1,0-2,0 m. The self-fruitfulness of 40-45% is quite good for setting berries in single-grade plantings, although over-pollination with other varieties has a positive effect on the productivity and marketable qualities of berries.

1. Aminova, E. V. Promising varieties and forms of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.) In the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals / E. V. Aminova, A. A. Mushinsky, E. M. Feshchenko // Fruit and berry growing in Russia. - 2020. - Vol. 62. - pp. 9-15. - DOI 10.31676/2073-4948-2020-62-9-15. (In Russ.).

2. Ivanova, E. A. A promising variety of golden currant / E. A. Ivanova, G. R. Mursalimova // Modern gardening. - 2017. - № 4(24). - Pp. 31-37. - DOI 10.24411/2218-5275-201700029. (In Russ.).

3. Ivanova, E. A. Samosvet - a promising variety of golden currant / E. A. Ivanova, G. R. Mursalimova // Innovative approaches in modern science: a collection of articles based on the materials of the XXXVI International Scientific and Practical Conference: Limited Liability Company "Internauka", 2018. - pp. 29-33. (In Russ.).

4. Salykova, V. S. The content of biologically active substances in the fruits of varieties of golden currant selection NIISS / V. S. Salykova, L. V. Shtil // Fruit and berry growing of Russia. - 2020. - Vol. 61. - pp. 95-102. - DOI 10.31676/2073-4948-2020-61-95-102. (In Russ.).

5. Patent for selection achievement No. 11529. black currant Estafeta: No. 8757324: application 10.12.2012 / M. G. Abdeeva, R. A. Nigmatzyanov; applicant Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. (In Russ.).

6. Scientific support of berry growing in Russia and prospects for its development / I. M. Kulikov, S. N. Evdokimenko, T. A. Tumaeva [et al.] // Vavilovsky Journal of Genetics and Breeding. - 2021. - Vol. 25. - No. 4. - pp. 414-419. – DOI: 10.18699/VJ21.046. (In Russ.).

7. Sazonov F. F. Creation of the source material of black currant for subsequent stages of breeding / F. F. Sazonov // Fruit and berry growing in Russia. - 2019. - Vol. 58. - pp. 279-288. - DOI 10.31676/2073-4948-2019-58-279-288. (In Russ.).

8. Knyazev S. D. Comparative evaluation of new varieties of black currant breeding vniispk / S. D. Knyazev, M. A. Keldibekova, M. V. Tovarnitskaya // Bulletin of Agrarian Science. - 2017. - № 5(68). - Pp. 36-40. - DOI 10.15217/issn2587-666X.2017.5.36. (In Russ.).

9. Tovarnitskaya M. V. Resistance of black currant varieties of the VNIISPK collection to unfavorable biotic factors / M. V. Tovarnitskaya, S. D. Knyazev // Modern horticulture. - 2017. -№ 4(24). - Pp. 63-67. – DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00034. (In Russ.).

10. Evdokimenko S. N. New varieties of berry crops for the Central region of Russia / S. N. Evdokimenko, F. F. Sazonov, N. V. Andronova // Horticulture and viticulture. - 2017. - No. 1. - pp. 31-38. (In Russ.).

11. Salykova V. S. Podarock of Sankin - a new variety of black currant / V. S. Salykova // Innovative directions of development of Siberian horticulture: the legacy of academicians M.A. Lisavenko, I.P. Kalinina: Collection of articles / Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies. - Barnaul: Concept, 2018. - pp. 247-253. (In Russ.).